Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jul 9;21(1):674. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06522-0.
Optimal, need-based, and equitable allocation of financial resources is one of the most important concerns of health systems worldwide. Fulfilling this goal requires considering various criteria when allocating resources. The present study was conducted to identify the need indicators used to allocate health resources in different countries worldwide.
A systematic review conducted on all published articles and reports on the need-based allocation of health financial resources in the English language from 1990 to 2020 in databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus as well as those in Persian language databases, including magiran, SID, and Google and Google scholar search engines. After performing different stages of screening, appropriate studies were identified and their information were extracted independently by two people, which were then controlled by a third person. The extracted data were finally analyzed by content analysis method using MAXQDA 10 software.
This search yielded 823 studies, of which 29 were included for the final review. The findings indicated that many need-based resource allocation formulas attempt to deal with health care needs using some weighting methods for individuals. In this regard, the most commonly used indicators were found as follows: age, gender, socio-economic status or deprivation, ethnicity, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), the modified health indicators (disease consequences, self-assessed health, and disability), geographical area / place of residence (geographical) (rural versus urban), cross-boundary flows, cost of services, and donations.
The indicators used in allocating the health systems' financial resources in each country should be designed in order to be simple and transparent and in accordance with the moral norms of that society. Moreover, these should be a good representative of the health needs of people in different geographical areas of that country. In addition, their related data should be available to an acceptable extent.
优化、基于需求和公平的财务资源分配是全球卫生系统最关注的问题之一。要实现这一目标，在分配资源时需要考虑各种标准。本研究旨在确定全球不同国家用于分配卫生资源的需求指标。
对 1990 年至 2020 年在包括 PubMed、Cochrane 和 Scopus 在内的英文数据库中发表的关于基于需求的卫生财务资源分配的所有已发表文章和报告，以及在包括 magiran、SID 和 Google 和 Google Scholar 搜索引擎在内的波斯语数据库中发表的文章和报告进行了系统回顾。在完成不同阶段的筛选后，确定了合适的研究，并由两人独立提取其信息，然后由第三人进行控制。提取的数据最终使用 MAXQDA 10 软件通过内容分析法进行分析。
本次搜索共产生 823 项研究，其中 29 项研究纳入最终综述。研究结果表明，许多基于需求的资源分配公式试图使用一些针对个人的加权方法来解决医疗保健需求。在这方面，最常用的指标如下：年龄、性别、社会经济地位或贫困、种族、标准化死亡率（SMR）、修正健康指标（疾病后果、自我评估健康和残疾）、地理区域/居住地（地理）（农村与城市）、跨界流动、服务成本和捐款。
每个国家的卫生系统财务资源分配所使用的指标应该设计得简单透明，并符合该社会的道德规范。此外，这些指标应该能够很好地代表该国不同地理区域人群的健康需求。此外，这些指标的相关数据在可接受的程度上应该是可用的。
