Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 9;11(7):e043503. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043503.
To explore the association between cardiometabolic dysregulation, an integral component of allostatic load, and health risk behaviours (HRBs) of the Hong Kong healthy adult population.
Secondary analysis of cross-sectional anonymous data.
Data on sociodemographics, self-reported health status, HRBs and biomarkers were extracted from the Hong Kong Population Health Survey 2014/2015.
One thousand five hundred and fifty-one participants aged 18-64 years without self-reported diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment or cancer.
Cardiometabolic dysregulation index (CMDI), ranging from 0 to 6, was calculated by counting the number of biomarkers including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist to hip ratio, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides that were above the respective normal level suggested by international guidelines and literature. HRBs including smoking, dietary habits and sleeping hours were collected by self-report questionnaire. Alcohol consumption was assessed by the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, while physical activity level was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A composite HRB score, ranging from 0 to 5, was calculated as the cumulative number of HRBs. The effect of HRB on CMDI was evaluated by negative binomial regression with adjustment for socioeconomic status, health awareness and comorbidities of the participants.
The mean CMDI of the studied population was 1.6; 29.5% had a CMDI of 0, whereas 1.5% had a CMDI of 6. Significant difference was observed in mean CMDI between gender and different age groups. Sleeping less than 6 hours (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.26, p<0.001), smoking (IRR=1.15, p=0.027), insufficient physical activity (IRR=1.12, p=0.007) and higher composite HRB score (IRR=1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18) were significantly associated with higher CMDI.
Smoking, physical inactivity and inadequate sleep-an essential yet often overlooked health behaviour-were associated with higher CMDI in the Hong Kong healthy adult population.
探讨香港健康成年人的心脏代谢失调（身体压力负荷的一个组成部分）与健康风险行为（HRB）之间的关联。
横断面匿名数据的二次分析。
2014/2015 年香港人口健康调查中提取了社会人口统计学、自我报告的健康状况、HRB 和生物标志物的数据。
1551 名年龄在 18-64 岁之间、无自我报告的高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、心血管疾病、认知障碍或癌症诊断的参与者。
心脏代谢失调指数（CMDI），范围为 0 至 6，通过计数国际指南和文献中建议的生物标志物（包括收缩压、舒张压、腰臀比、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值和甘油三酯）的数量来计算，这些生物标志物的水平超过了正常范围。HRB 包括吸烟、饮食习惯和睡眠时间，通过自我报告问卷收集。饮酒量通过酒精使用障碍识别测试的 10 项评估，而体力活动水平则通过全球体力活动问卷测量。HRB 评分，范围为 0 至 5，作为 HRB 的累积数量计算。通过负二项回归调整参与者的社会经济地位、健康意识和合并症来评估 HRB 对 CMDI 的影响。
研究人群的平均 CMDI 为 1.6；29.5%的人 CMDI 为 0，而 1.5%的人 CMDI 为 6。性别和不同年龄组之间的平均 CMDI 存在显著差异。睡眠时间少于 6 小时（发病率比（IRR）=1.26，p<0.001）、吸烟（IRR=1.15，p=0.027）、体力活动不足（IRR=1.12，p=0.007）和更高的复合 HRB 评分（IRR=1.12，95%CI 1.06 至 1.18）与更高的 CMDI 显著相关。
吸烟、身体活动不足和睡眠不足——这是一种重要但经常被忽视的健康行为——与香港健康成年人的更高 CMDI 相关。
