Jiang Jiangzhao, Liang Lisong, Ma Qinghua, Zhao Tiantian
Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetic and Breeding, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Jun 23;12:690966. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690966. eCollection 2021.
Hazelnut () is an important woody oil tree species in economic forests. China, as one of the original countries of native species, had 8 species and 2 varieties. However, little information is available on the hazelnut nutritional quality of these Chinese species. In this study, four main wild species ( Fisch., Maxim., Hu., and C. Franch.) originating in China and one main cultivar of hybrid hazelnut ( Fisch. × L.) cv. 'Dawei' from China were used to analyze the basic nutritional composition (content of oil, fatty acid, protein, saccharide, aminao acid, vitamin C, tocopherol, total phenols, and total flavonoids) and antioxidant ability. The results showed that oil content ranged from 52.97 to 60.88 g/100 g DW and highly unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content was over 91%. Oleic was the most dominant UFA in these hazelnut kernels, and the relative content was ranging from 71.32 to 85.19%. Compared with other four hazelnut kernels, Fisch. was the lowest oil content of hazelnut with lower oleic acid content and higher linoleic acid content, obviously. The total protein content ranged from 13.15 to 18.35 g/100 g DW, and all amino acids were detected as hydrate amino acids, but Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, was not detected as free amino acid in these hazelnut kernels. Kernel of Fisch. was with the highest content of protein and amino acid. Saccharose was the most essential and abundant disaccharide in the hazelnut kernels. C. Maxim. was the highest saccharide content among these hazelnut kernels. α-tocopherol was the main type of tocopherol found in the hazelnut kernels. Wild hazelnut kernels generally had higher bioactivity substance content (vitamin C, total tocopherol, total phenol and total flavonoid) and antioxidant capacity. Compared to the four wild hazelnut kernels, the hybrid hazelnut cv. 'Dawei' had higher content of oil, oleic acid, α-tocopherol and sugar. Overall, there were great differences in the nutritional composition of different hazelnut species. Wild species are a good source of breeding materials because of their own characteristics in nutrition composition, and the hybrid hazelnut cv. 'Dawei' with good quality has the value of commercial promotion.
榛子（）是经济林中一种重要的木本油料树种。中国作为榛子原生种的起源国之一，曾有8个种和2个变种。然而，关于这些中国榛子品种的营养品质的信息却很少。在本研究中，选用了原产于中国的4种主要野生榛子（毛榛、平榛、华榛和川榛）以及1个中国杂交榛子（平榛×欧洲榛）的主要栽培品种‘达维’，来分析其基本营养成分（油、脂肪酸、蛋白质、糖类、氨基酸、维生素C、生育酚、总酚和总黄酮的含量）和抗氧化能力。结果表明，油含量在52.97至60.88克/100克干重之间，高度不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）含量超过91%。油酸是这些榛子仁中最主要的UFA，相对含量在71.32%至85.19%之间。与其他4种榛子仁相比，毛榛的油含量最低，油酸含量较低，亚油酸含量明显较高。总蛋白质含量在13.15至18.35克/100克干重之间，所有氨基酸均被检测为水合氨基酸，但在这些榛子仁中未检测到必需氨基酸色氨酸的游离氨基酸形式。毛榛的蛋白质和氨基酸含量最高。蔗糖是榛子仁中最主要且含量丰富的二糖。平榛在这些榛子仁中的糖类含量最高。α-生育酚是榛子仁中发现的主要生育酚类型。野生榛子仁一般具有较高的生物活性物质含量（维生素C、总生育酚、总酚和总黄酮）和抗氧化能力。与4种野生榛子仁相比，杂交榛子品种‘达维’的油、油酸、α-生育酚和糖含量较高。总体而言，不同榛子品种的营养成分存在很大差异。野生品种因其营养成分的自身特点是良好的育种材料来源，而品质优良的杂交榛子品种‘达维’具有商业推广价值。
