Eposi Haddison C, Randolph Ngwafor A, Benjamin Kagina M
Saa District Health Service, Centre Regional Delegation of Public Health, Cameroon.
Institute for Global Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
J Public Health Afr. 2021 Jun 18;12(1):1775. doi: 10.4081/jphia.2021.1775.
Measles remains a threat in many African settings due to sub-optimal routine immunisation and catchup campaigns. The Global Vaccine Action Plan goal to eliminate measles by 2020 remains unmet as several countries reported an increase in cases in 2019. In Cameroon, a measles-rubella vaccination campaign was organised in 2019 to reduce the cohort of susceptible children. However, in 2020, eleven suspected cases of measles were notified in the Sa'a Health District and five were confirmed.
This report summarizes a measles outbreak investigation and contact tracing in a highly vaccinated community residing in the Sa'a Health District of Cameroon.
Outbreak investigations were carried out in the Sa'a, Nlong-Onambele and Nkolmgbana health areas from 18 to 21 February 2020. A register review from December 2019 to February 2020 was carried out in all health facilities of the affected health areas. followed by contact tracing in the community.
Thirty households were visited in four neighbourhoods. Six missed Epidemiologically-linked cases were discovered in the community, bringing the total number of suspected and confirmed cases to 17. Thirty-five percent of the cases had not received any measles-containing vaccine; 35% of the cases were aged 5 years or older; 53% had history of travel. Community transmission only occurred in the Sa'a health area through a breakthrough case.
This outbreak investigation portrayed the role that adequate vaccination coverage plays in preventing widespread outbreaks. Nonetheless, community sensitisation and routine immunisation require strengthening in order to erase pockets of susceptible children.
由于常规免疫接种和补种活动未达到最佳效果，麻疹在许多非洲地区仍然构成威胁。全球疫苗行动计划提出的到2020年消除麻疹的目标尚未实现，因为有几个国家报告称2019年麻疹病例有所增加。在喀麦隆，2019年组织了一次麻疹-风疹疫苗接种活动，以减少易感儿童群体。然而，2020年，萨阿健康区报告了11例疑似麻疹病例，其中5例得到确诊。
本报告总结了对喀麦隆萨阿健康区一个高疫苗接种率社区的麻疹疫情调查及接触者追踪情况。
2020年2月18日至21日在萨阿、恩隆-奥南贝莱和恩科隆姆巴纳健康区开展了疫情调查。对受影响健康区的所有医疗机构进行了2019年12月至2020年2月的登记审查，随后在社区进行了接触者追踪。
走访了四个街区的30户家庭。在社区中发现了6例与流行病学相关的漏报病例，使疑似和确诊病例总数达到17例。35%的病例未接种任何含麻疹成分的疫苗；35%的病例年龄在5岁及以上；53%有旅行史。社区传播仅通过一例突破性病例在萨阿健康区发生。
本次疫情调查说明了足够的疫苗接种覆盖率在预防大规模疫情中所起的作用。尽管如此，仍需加强社区宣传和常规免疫接种，以消除易感儿童群体。
