Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Department of Ophthalmology, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.
J Mol Med (Berl). 2021 Oct;99(10):1459-1469. doi: 10.1007/s00109-021-02108-9. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
Cigarette smoke has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). As an alternative to conventional cigarettes (C-cigarette), electronic cigarettes (E-cigarette) have been globally promoted and are currently widely used. The increasing usage of E-cigarettes raises concerns with regard to short- (2 weeks), medium- (3 months), and long- (8 months) term consequences related to retinal tissue. In this report, a controlled study in mouse models was conducted to probe the comprehensive effects of E-cigarette vapor on retina, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), and choroidal tissues by (1) comparing the effects of C-cigarette smoke and E-cigarette vapor on retina separately and (2) determining the effects of E-cigarette vapor on the RPE and analyzing the changes with regard to inflammatory (IL-1β, TNFα, iNOS) and angiogenic (VEGF, PEDF) mediators in retina/RPE/choroid by ELISA assays. The data showed that C-cigarette smoke exposure promoted an inflammatory reaction in the retina in vivo. Mice exposed to E-cigarette (nicotine-free) vapor developed inflammatory and angiogenic reactions more pronounced in RPE and choroid as compared to retinal tissue, while nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapor caused even a more serious reaction. Both inflammatory and pro-angiogenic reactions increased with the extension of exposure time. These results demonstrate that exposure to C-cigarette smoke is harmful to the retina. Likewise, the exposure to E-cigarette vapor (with or without nicotine) increases the occurrence and progression of inflammatory and angiogenic stimuli in the retina, which might also be related to the onset of wet AMD in humans. KEY MESSAGES: C-cigarette smoke exposure promotes an inflammatory reaction in the retina in vivo. Mice exposed to E-cigarette (nicotine-free) vapor develop inflammatory and angiogenic reactions more pronounced in RPE and choroid compared to retinal tissue, while nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapor causes even a more serious reaction. Both inflammatory and pro-angiogenic reactions increase with the extension of E-cigarette vapor exposure time.
香烟烟雾已被确定为与年龄相关的黄斑变性（AMD）发展相关的主要危险因素。作为传统香烟（C 香烟）的替代品，电子烟（电子烟）在全球范围内得到了推广，目前被广泛使用。电子烟使用量的增加引起了人们对与视网膜组织有关的短期（2 周）、中期（3 个月）和长期（8 个月）后果的关注。在本报告中，通过（1）分别比较 C 香烟烟雾和电子烟蒸汽对视网膜的影响，以及（2）确定电子烟蒸汽对 RPE 的影响并通过 ELISA 分析评估视网膜/RPE/脉络膜中炎症（IL-1β、TNFα、iNOS）和血管生成（VEGF、PEDF）介质的变化，在小鼠模型中进行了一项对照研究，以探究电子烟蒸汽对视网膜、视网膜色素上皮（RPE）和脉络膜组织的综合影响。数据显示，C 香烟烟雾暴露会促进体内视网膜的炎症反应。与视网膜组织相比，暴露于电子烟（不含尼古丁）蒸汽的小鼠在 RPE 和脉络膜中表现出更明显的炎症和血管生成反应，而含尼古丁的电子烟蒸汽甚至会引起更严重的反应。随着暴露时间的延长，炎症和促血管生成反应均增加。这些结果表明，暴露于 C 香烟烟雾对视网膜有害。同样，暴露于电子烟蒸汽（含或不含尼古丁）会增加视网膜中炎症和血管生成刺激物的发生和进展，这也可能与人类湿性 AMD 的发病有关。 关键信息： C 香烟烟雾暴露会促进体内视网膜的炎症反应。暴露于电子烟（不含尼古丁）蒸汽的小鼠在 RPE 和脉络膜中表现出更明显的炎症和血管生成反应，而含尼古丁的电子烟蒸汽甚至会引起更严重的反应。随着电子烟蒸汽暴露时间的延长，炎症和促血管生成反应均增加。
