Gorris Senne, Perdaens Celia, Delvaux Veerle, Poorten Vincent Vander, Neyns Bart, Baron Ilan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Anatomic pathology, AZ Jan Portaels, Vilvoorde, Belgium.
Case Rep Oncol. 2021 Jun 18;14(2):957-962. doi: 10.1159/000516796. eCollection 2021 May-Aug.
Malignant melanoma is a type of cancer that most commonly originates from the skin, less frequently from mucosal surfaces, the eye, or meninges [. 2014;9(1):239-71]. In 2019, this type of malignancy was the third most frequent cancer to be diagnosed in males and the fifth most in females according to the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute [. 2019;69(5):363-85]. The majority of the malignant melanomas in the head and neck region (85-90%) are cutaneous lesions, most often arising in the skin of the face [. 2016;38:147-155]. In sharp contrast are the histological findings of metastatic melanoma with an unknown primary site: they are much more scarce and histologically difficult to diagnose. The literature is limited to case studies or small cohorts. In 2-6% of all patients suffering from metastatic melanoma, after clinical examination of the skin and mucosa, imaging, and other diagnostic examination, a primary tumor cannot be found [. 2004;40(9):1454-5]. A very small subgroup (0.5%) presents with a single focus of melanoma within the dermis or subcutaneous tissues [. 2000;136(11):1397-9]. We hereby report a case in this subgroup of a solitary melanoma metastasis found in the submandibular gland in a 59-year-old male. The tumor was discovered incidentally after surgical excision of this gland because of nodular enlargement.
恶性黑色素瘤是一种癌症，最常见于皮肤起源，较少见源于黏膜表面、眼睛或脑膜[. 2014;9(1):239 - 71]。根据美国癌症协会和美国国立癌症研究所的数据，2019年，这种恶性肿瘤是男性中第三常见的确诊癌症，女性中第五常见的确诊癌症[. 2019;69(5):363 - 85]。头颈部区域的大多数恶性黑色素瘤（85 - 90%）是皮肤病变，最常发生在面部皮肤[. 2016;38:147 - 155]。与之形成鲜明对比的是，原发部位不明的转移性黑色素瘤的组织学表现：它们更为罕见，组织学上难以诊断。相关文献仅限于病例研究或小队列研究。在所有转移性黑色素瘤患者中，有2 - 6%在对皮肤和黏膜进行临床检查、影像学检查及其他诊断检查后仍未发现原发肿瘤[. 2004;40(9):1454 - 5]。一个非常小的亚组（0.5%）表现为真皮或皮下组织内单个黑色素瘤病灶[. 2000;136(11):1397 - 9]。我们在此报告一例该亚组病例，一名59岁男性的下颌下腺发现孤立性黑色素瘤转移灶。该肿瘤是在因结节性肿大对该腺体进行手术切除后偶然发现的。
