Kulyal Poonam, Acharya Satyabrata, Ankari Aditya B, Kokkiripati Praveen K, Tetali Sarada D, Raghavendra Agepati S
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 30;12:659546. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659546. eCollection 2021.
spp. (Zingiberaceae) are used as a spice and coloring agent. Their rhizomes and essential oils are known for medicinal properties, besides their use in the flavoring and cosmetic industry. Most of these biological activities were attributed to volatile and nonvolatile secondary metabolites present in the rhizomes of spp. The metabolite variations among the species and even cultivars need to be established for optimized use of spp. We compared the phytochemical profiles of rhizomes and their essential oils to establish the variability among seven cultivars: five of L (Alleppey Supreme, Duggirala Red, Prathibha, Salem, Suguna) and two of Salisb. (Kasturi Araku, Kasturi Avidi). The GC-MS and LC-MS-based analyses were employed to profile secondary metabolites of these selected cultivars. Rhizomes of spp. were subjected to hydro-distillation to collect essential oil and analyzed by GC-MS. The methanol extracts of fresh rhizomes were subjected to LC-MS analyses. The compounds were identified by using the relevant MS library databases as many compounds as possible. The essential oil content of the cultivars was in the range of 0.74-1.62%. Several compounds were detected from the essential oils and rhizome extracts by GC-MS and LC-MS, respectively. Of these, 28 compounds (13 from GCMS and 15 from LCMS) were common in all seven cultivars, e.g., α-thujene, and diarylheptanoids like curcumin. Furthermore, a total of 39 new compounds were identified from L. and/or Salisb., most of them being cultivar-specific. Of these compounds, 35 were detected by GC-MS analyses of essential oils, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-, and santolina alcohol, to name a few. The other four compounds were detected by LC-MS of the methanolic extracts of the rhizomes, e.g., kaempferol-3,7-O-dimethyl ether and 5,7,8-trihydroxy-2',5'-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylene dioxyisoflavanone. We identified and recorded the variability in the metabolite profiles of essential oils and whole rhizome extracts from the seven cultivars of L. and Salisb. As many as 39 new metabolites were detected in these seven Indian cultivars of spp. Many of these compounds have health benefits.
姜科植物（Zingiberaceae）被用作香料和着色剂。除了在调味和化妆品行业的应用外，它们的根茎和精油还以其药用特性而闻名。这些生物活性大多归因于姜科植物根茎中存在的挥发性和非挥发性次生代谢产物。为了优化姜科植物的利用，需要确定不同物种甚至品种之间的代谢产物差异。我们比较了根茎及其精油的植物化学特征，以确定七个品种之间的变异性：五个姜黄属（Curcuma L.）品种（Alleppey Supreme、Duggirala Red、Prathibha、Salem、Suguna）和两个莪术属（Curcuma Salisb.）品种（Kasturi Araku、Kasturi Avidi）。采用基于气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC-MS）和液相色谱 - 质谱联用（LC-MS）的分析方法来分析这些选定品种的次生代谢产物。姜科植物的根茎经过水蒸馏以收集精油，并通过GC-MS进行分析。新鲜根茎的甲醇提取物进行LC-MS分析。尽可能多地使用相关质谱库数据库来鉴定化合物。各品种的精油含量在0.74 - 1.62%的范围内。分别通过GC-MS和LC-MS从精油和根茎提取物中检测到了几种化合物。其中，28种化合物（13种来自GC-MS，15种来自LC-MS）在所有七个品种中都有，例如α-侧柏烯，以及像姜黄素这样的二芳基庚烷类化合物。此外，从姜黄属（Curcuma L.）和/或莪术属（Curcuma Salisb.）中总共鉴定出39种新化合物，其中大多数是品种特异性的。在这些化合物中，35种是通过精油的GC-MS分析检测到的，如1,2 - 环己二醇、1 - 甲基 - 4 -（1 - 甲乙基） - 、山道年醇等。另外四种化合物是通过根茎甲醇提取物的LC-MS检测到的，例如山奈酚 - 3,7 - O - 二甲醚和5,7,8 - 三羟基 - 2',(5'-二甲基氧基 - 3',4'-亚甲二氧基异黄酮。我们鉴定并记录了姜黄属（Curcuma L.）和莪术属（Curcuma Salisb.）七个品种的精油和整个根茎提取物代谢产物谱的变异性。在这七个印度姜科植物品种中检测到了多达39种新的代谢产物。这些化合物中的许多都对健康有益。
