Etesami Hassan, Jeong Byoung Ryong, Glick Bernard R
Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Jul 1;12:699618. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699618. eCollection 2021.
Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P requirement of plants. P fertilization is generally recommended to manage soil P deficiency; however, the low efficacy of P fertilizers in acidic and in calcareous soils restricts P availability. Moreover, the overuse of P fertilizers is a cause of significant environmental concerns. However, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and the addition of silicon (Si) are effective and economical ways to improve the availability and efficacy of P. In this review the contributions of Si, PSB, and AMF in improving the P availability is discussed. Based on what is known about them, the combined strategy of using Si along with AMF and PSB may be highly useful in improving the P availability and as a result, its uptake by plants compared to using either of them alone. A better understanding how the two microorganism groups and Si interact is crucial to preserving soil fertility and improving the economic and environmental sustainability of crop production in P deficient soils. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge concerning the interactions among AMF, PSB, and Si in enhancing P availability and its uptake by plants in sustainable agriculture.
全球范围内，土壤中磷（P）的有效性通常较低。大多数土壤有效磷缺乏；若不施肥，它们将无法满足植物对磷的需求。一般建议施用磷肥来解决土壤磷缺乏问题；然而，磷肥在酸性和石灰性土壤中的低效性限制了磷的有效性。此外，过度使用磷肥引发了重大的环境问题。然而，使用丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）、解磷细菌（PSB）以及添加硅（Si）是提高磷有效性和功效的有效且经济的方法。在本综述中，讨论了硅、解磷细菌和丛枝菌根真菌在提高磷有效性方面的作用。基于对它们的了解，与单独使用硅、解磷细菌或丛枝菌根真菌相比，将硅与解磷细菌和丛枝菌根真菌联合使用的策略在提高磷有效性以及植物对磷的吸收方面可能非常有用。更好地理解这两类微生物与硅之间如何相互作用，对于保持土壤肥力以及提高缺磷土壤中作物生产的经济和环境可持续性至关重要。本综述总结并讨论了关于丛枝菌根真菌、解磷细菌和硅在可持续农业中增强磷有效性及其被植物吸收方面相互作用的现有知识。
