Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging," University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2022 Jan 4;73:271-299. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-110710. Epub 2021 Jul 19.
Persistence in and timely disengagement from personal goals are core components of successful self-regulation and therefore relevant to well-being and performance. In the history of motivation psychology, there has been a clear emphasis on persistence. Only recently have researchers become interested in goal disengagement, as mirrored by the amount of pertinent research. In this review, we present an overview of the most influential motivational theories on persistence and disengagement that address situational and personal determinants, cognitive and affective mechanisms, and consequences for well-being, health, and performance. Some of these theories use a general approach, whereas others focus on individual differences. The theories presented incorporate classical expectancy-value constructs as well as contemporary volitional concepts of self-regulation. Many of the theoretical approaches have spread to applied fields (e.g., education, work, health). Despite numerous important insights into persistence and disengagement, we also identify several unresolved research questions.
坚持和及时退出个人目标是成功自我调节的核心组成部分，因此与幸福感和表现相关。在动机心理学的历史中，一直非常强调坚持。直到最近，研究人员才对目标脱离产生了兴趣，这反映在相关研究的数量上。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了最有影响力的关于坚持和退出的动机理论，这些理论涉及情境和个人决定因素、认知和情感机制，以及对幸福感、健康和表现的影响。其中一些理论采用了一般方法，而另一些则侧重于个体差异。所呈现的理论包含了经典的期望-价值结构以及当代自我调节的意志概念。许多理论方法已经扩展到应用领域（例如，教育、工作、健康）。尽管对坚持和退出有了许多重要的见解，但我们也确定了几个尚未解决的研究问题。
