Dashti Hassan S, Jansen Erica C, Zuraikat Faris M, Dixit Shilpy, Brown Marishka, Laposky Aaron, Broussard Josiane L, Butler Matthew P, Creasy Seth A, Crispim Cibele A, Depner Christopher M, Esser Karyn A, Garaulet Marta, Hanlon Erin C, Makarem Nour, Manoogian Emily N C, Peterson Courtney M, Scheer Frank A J L, Wright Kenneth P, Goff David C, Pratt Charlotte A, Gamble Karen L, St-Onge Marie-Pierre
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA.
Division of Nutrition Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2025 May 6;14(9):e039373. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.124.039373. Epub 2025 Apr 23.
The circadian system maintains optimal biological functions at the appropriate time of day, and the disruption of this organization can contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders. The timing of eating is a prominent external time cue that influences the circadian system. "Chrononutrition" is an emerging dimension of nutrition and active area of research that examines how timing-related aspects of eating and nutrition impact circadian rhythms, biological processes, and disease pathogenesis. There is evidence to support chrononutrition as a form of chronotherapy, such that optimizing the timing of eating may serve as an actionable strategy to improve cardiometabolic health. This report summarizes key information from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's virtual workshop entitled "Chrononutrition: Elucidating the Role of Circadian Biology and Meal Timing in Cardiometabolic Health," which convened on May 2 to 3, 2023, to review current literature and identify critical knowledge gaps and research opportunities. The speakers presented evidence highlighting the impact on cardiometabolic health of earlier and shorter eating windows and more consistent day-to-day eating patterns. The multidimensionality of chrononutrition was a common theme, as it encompasses multiple facets of eating along with the timing of other behaviors including sleep and physical activity. Advancing the emerging field of chrononutrition will require: (1) standardization of terminology and metrics; (2) scalable and precise tools for real-world settings; (3) consideration of individual differences that may act as effect modifiers; and (4) deeper understanding of social, behavioral, and cultural influences. Ultimately, there is great potential for circadian-based dietary interventions to improve cardiometabolic health.
昼夜节律系统在一天中的适当时间维持最佳生理功能，这种组织的破坏会导致心脏代谢紊乱的发病机制。进食时间是影响昼夜节律系统的一个突出的外部时间线索。“时间营养学”是营养学中一个新兴的领域，也是一个活跃的研究领域，它研究进食和营养的时间相关方面如何影响昼夜节律、生物过程和疾病发病机制。有证据支持时间营养学作为一种时间治疗形式，即优化进食时间可能是改善心脏代谢健康的一种可行策略。本报告总结了美国国立心肺血液研究所虚拟研讨会的关键信息，该研讨会名为“时间营养学：阐明昼夜生物学和进餐时间在心脏代谢健康中的作用”，于2023年5月2日至3日召开，旨在回顾当前文献，确定关键的知识空白和研究机会。演讲者展示了证据，强调了更早和更短的进食窗口以及更一致的日常饮食模式对心脏代谢健康的影响。时间营养学的多维性是一个共同主题，因为它涵盖了进食的多个方面以及包括睡眠和体育活动在内的其他行为的时间。推动时间营养学这一新兴领域的发展需要：（1）术语和指标的标准化；（2）适用于现实世界环境的可扩展且精确的工具；（3）考虑可能作为效应修饰因素的个体差异；（4）更深入地理解社会、行为和文化影响。最终，基于昼夜节律的饮食干预在改善心脏代谢健康方面具有巨大潜力。
