Zuo Yifan, Zhang Mu, Si Yuqi, Wu Xiaoyuan, Ren Zhanbing
School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
Shenzhen Tourism College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518053, People's Republic of China.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Jul 12;14:2929-2944. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S305937. eCollection 2021.
Prevention of the health risk of amateur marathon runners is of great significance for the sustainable development of marathon. To reduce the psychological burden of amateur marathon runners and improve the participation experience, the current study used the health belief model to study the relationship among health beliefs, attitude to preventative behavior, self-efficacy, and health values of amateur marathon runners.
A total of 342 data were collected, and using the PROCESS (analytical procedures developed for mediating and moderating effects tests based on SPSS and SAS). A series of multiple linear regression models were established to study the relationship between variables, and the bootstrap confidence interval was selected to test the mediating and moderating effect.
The results showed that perceived health threat (b = 0.463, p <0.05), health behavior expectations (b = 0.373, p <0.001), self-efficacy (b = 0.322, p <0.001), and behavioral attitudes (b = 0.230, p <0.001) can be regarded as antecedent variables for predicting preventative behaviors. In addition, the results also show that health behavior expectations, self-efficacy, and behavioral attitudes play chain-mediating role between perceived health threat and preventative behaviors. Health values appear to play a moderating role in the direct/indirect effects of perceived health threat on preventive behavior through a number of mediating variables.
This study emphasizes that the amateur marathon runners must improve their health concept and take effective preventive measures before participating in the competition. According to this research, it is the responsibility of the event parties, public health officials and relevant departments of the host city to provide rich health information and risk education to amateur marathon runners. More public service advertisements or educational materials are needed to be placed on runners to enhance their awareness of the necessity and importance of taking preventive measures.
预防业余马拉松跑者的健康风险对马拉松运动的可持续发展具有重要意义。为减轻业余马拉松跑者的心理负担并提升参与体验，本研究运用健康信念模型来探究业余马拉松跑者的健康信念、预防行为态度、自我效能感和健康价值观之间的关系。
共收集了342份数据，并使用PROCESS（基于SPSS和SAS开发的用于中介效应和调节效应检验的分析程序）。建立了一系列多元线性回归模型来研究变量之间的关系，并选择Bootstrap置信区间来检验中介效应和调节效应。
结果显示，感知到的健康威胁（b = 0.463，p <0.05）、健康行为期望（b = 0.373，p <0.001）、自我效能感（b = 0.322，p <0.001）和行为态度（b = 0.230，p <0.001）可被视为预测预防行为的先行变量。此外，结果还表明，健康行为期望、自我效能感和行为态度在感知到的健康威胁与预防行为之间起链式中介作用。健康价值观似乎在感知到的健康威胁通过多个中介变量对预防行为的直接/间接影响中起调节作用。
本研究强调业余马拉松跑者在参赛前必须提升健康观念并采取有效的预防措施。根据本研究，赛事主办方、公共卫生官员和主办城市的相关部门有责任向业余马拉松跑者提供丰富的健康信息和风险教育。需要在跑者中投放更多的公益广告或教育材料，以增强他们对采取预防措施的必要性和重要性的认识。
