School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland.
National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland.
Sports Health. 2023 Sep-Oct;15(5):661-672. doi: 10.1177/19417381231176534. Epub 2023 May 30.
Male amateur marathon runners represent a unique subset of the population who may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their underlying risk factors and their involvement in vigorous exercise such as marathon running.
To assess the modifiable risk factors (MRFs) of CVD in experienced male amateur marathon runners and health interventions on CVD risk factors.
CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and SPORTDiscus.
Studies selected according to the inclusion criteria.
Systematic review.
Level 3.
The publication dates included were from June 1, 2008 to February 29, 2020.Published primary epidemiological, observational, randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or non-RCT studies assessing the MRFs of CVD and health interventions on CVD risk factors in male amateur marathon runners aged ≥18 years and written in the English language were included in the review.
Five studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. These included male amateur marathon runners (n = 862), aged 42 to 77 years. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and alcohol use were MRFs positively associated with an increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis found in a subset of male marathon runners. No studies examined health interventions on CVD risk factors in any of the included studies. All 5 studies were of good quality from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tools used. The risk of bias was low to moderate.
There is a paucity of observational studies evaluating the CVD MRFs. Negative lifestyle behaviors exist within this population despite their engagement in physical exercise through marathon running. Marathon running does not negate the long-term effects caused by past negative lifestyle behaviors. This systematic review identifies that this population may not be aware of their possible risk of atherosclerosis and, consequently, CVD.
男性业余马拉松跑者是人群中的一个独特亚组，由于潜在的危险因素以及参与马拉松等剧烈运动，他们可能面临更高的心血管疾病（CVD）风险。
评估经验丰富的男性业余马拉松跑者的 CVD 可改变危险因素（MRF）和 CVD 风险因素的健康干预措施。
CINAHL、Cochrane 图书馆、Embase、Medline 和 SPORTDiscus。
根据纳入标准选择研究。
系统评价。
3 级。
纳入的出版日期为 2008 年 6 月 1 日至 2020 年 2 月 29 日。纳入的研究包括评估 CVD 的 MRF 和 CVD 风险因素的健康干预措施的初级流行病学、观察性、随机对照试验（RCT）和/或非 RCT 研究，研究对象为年龄≥18 岁的男性业余马拉松跑者，且研究报告为英文。
有 5 项研究符合纳入分析的标准。这些研究包括男性业余马拉松跑者（n=862），年龄 42 至 77 岁。高血压、高血脂、吸烟和饮酒是与部分马拉松跑者冠状动脉粥样硬化风险增加相关的 MRF。没有研究在任何纳入的研究中检查 CVD 风险因素的健康干预措施。所有 5 项研究均来自美国国立心肺血液研究所使用的质量评估工具，其质量均为良好。偏倚风险为低至中度。
评估 CVD MRF 的观察性研究很少。尽管通过马拉松跑步进行了身体锻炼，但该人群中仍存在消极的生活方式行为。马拉松跑步并不能消除过去消极生活方式行为造成的长期影响。这项系统评价表明，该人群可能没有意识到自己可能面临动脉粥样硬化和由此导致的 CVD 风险。
