也门0至30岁人群屈光不正的类型及表现：基于医院的横断面研究
Types and Presentation of Refractive Error among Individuals Aged 0-30 Years: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Yemen.
作者信息
Mohammed Dhaiban Tawfik Saleh, Ummer Femina Purakaloth, Khudadad Hanan, Veettil Shajitha Thekke
机构信息
Department of Operations, Al Thumama Health Centre, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Department of Operations, Airport Health Centre, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
出版信息
Adv Med. 2021 Jul 5;2021:5557761. doi: 10.1155/2021/5557761. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Its proportion varied among societies and is considered as a public health challenge. Symptoms and signs associated with refractive errors are the most worrisome and common presentations in the general practice in eye clinics.
AIM
The goal of this study was to determine the types and presentations of refractive error among the 0-30-year-old Yemeni population to aid early identification, diagnosis, referral, and treatment. . A cross-sectional study including 1,500 out-patients aged from 0 to 30 years attending the ophthalmology clinic in Sanaa, Yemen (between 2012 and 2015). All patients underwent visual acuity examination, autorefractometer, and anterior and posterior segment examination and were grouped according to type, that is, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
RESULTS
Hyperopia was the most common single diagnosis (53.3%) followed by myopia (33.3%). Astigmatism was uncommon as a single diagnosis (13.4%) but commonly associated with hyperopia or myopia. Myopia was more common in males (42.9%) than in females (25%). Hyperopia was more in females (62.5%) than in males (42.9%). Age groups most affected by refractive errors were 13-18 years (27.7%), 19-24 years (24.8%), and 25-30 years (24.6%), respectively. Decreased vision (53%) was a common presentation in myopia and astigmatism (41.5%) and less in hyperopia (39.6%). Headache was common in astigmatism (56%), hyperopia (28.8%), and myopia (17.8%). Muscle imbalance, namely, exotropia (27.2%), is mainly found in myopia and esotropia (24.3%) in hyperopia.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to decreased vision, our patients with refractive errors mostly complain of headaches with clear variations with age and type of refractive error. Early identification and proper categorization of refractive errors by age, gender, and other demographics by general physicians in primary care can better deduce and make useful referrals to eye specialists.
背景
屈光不正为全球视力损害的最常见原因。其比例在不同社会有所差异，被视为一项公共卫生挑战。与屈光不正相关的症状和体征是眼科诊所普通门诊中最令人担忧且常见的表现。
目的
本研究的目的是确定0至30岁也门人群中屈光不正的类型和表现，以帮助早期识别、诊断、转诊和治疗。开展一项横断面研究，纳入2012年至2015年间在也门萨那眼科诊所就诊的1500名0至30岁门诊患者。所有患者均接受视力检查、自动验光以及眼前节和眼后节检查，并根据类型分组，即近视、远视和散光。
结果
远视是最常见的单一诊断（53.3%），其次是近视（33.3%）。散光作为单一诊断并不常见（13.4%），但常与远视或近视相关。近视在男性中（42.9%）比在女性中（25%）更常见。远视在女性中（62.5%）比在男性中（42.9%）更常见。受屈光不正影响最大的年龄组分别为13至18岁（27.7%）、19至24岁（24.8%）和25至30岁（24.6%）。视力下降在近视（53%）和散光（41.5%）中是常见表现，在远视（39.6%）中较少见。头痛在散光（56%）、远视（28.8%）和近视（17.8%）中常见。肌肉失衡，即外斜视（27.2%），主要见于近视，而内斜视（24.3%）主要见于远视。
结论
除视力下降外，我们的屈光不正患者大多主诉头痛，且随年龄和屈光不正类型有明显差异。基层医疗中的全科医生按年龄、性别和其他人口统计学特征对屈光不正进行早期识别和正确分类，可更好地推断并向眼科专家进行有效转诊。
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