Martínez-Carlos J, Martínez-Martínez S, Faz A, Zornoza R, Gabarrón M, Soriano-Disla M, Gómez-López M D, Acosta J A
Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain.
Environ Geochem Health. 2022 Jan;44(1):15-28. doi: 10.1007/s10653-021-01035-5. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
This study aimed to determine the transfer of metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) and As to a Mediterranean forest close to five tailings ponds in Cartagena-La Union mining district (SE Spain). In addition, the effect of the rhizosphere of two native plant species, Olea europaea (OE) and Pistacia lentiscus (PL), on soil properties and chemical speciation of metal(oid)s was evaluated. Results showed there was no influence of the rhizosphere in the total concentration of metal(loid)s in soil, decreasing as Pb > Zn > As > Cd. Chemical partitioning revealed that only Cd and As can be considered hazardous, with a high percentage of these elements in the soil-labile fractions (20-40%). The accumulation in vegetal tissues was only high for Pb in PL roots, which makes it a suitable species for phytostabilization. Additionally, translocation factors showed transfer of Pb and Zn in OE, and Zn in PL to aerial parts, although no toxicity evidences for plants or animals were found. Finally, soil properties affected metal(loid)s accumulation in plants. The OE species was related to soil-labile metal(loid) fractions and pH, total N, organic carbon and silt content. The PL species were associated with immobilized metal(loid) fractions, sand content, electrical conductivity and total concentrations of As, Cd and Pb. Hence, mining activity has affected native adjacent soils, with accumulation of metals in plant species, although translocation was low, likely due to physiological strategies of the studied species to protect themselves against hazardous elements, and to the high soil pH, which limits metals' mobility.
本研究旨在确定金属（镉、铅和锌）以及砷向位于卡塔赫纳-拉尤尼翁矿区（西班牙东南部）附近五个尾矿库的地中海森林的转移情况。此外，还评估了两种本土植物——油橄榄（OE）和乳香黄连木（PL）的根际对土壤性质及金属（类金属）化学形态的影响。结果表明，根际对土壤中金属（类金属）的总浓度没有影响，金属（类金属）总浓度的下降顺序为铅＞锌＞砷＞镉。化学分配分析表明，只有镉和砷可被视为具有危害性，这些元素在土壤不稳定组分中的比例较高（20% - 40%）。植物组织中的积累情况仅表现为PL根系中的铅含量较高，这使其成为植物稳定修复的适宜物种。此外，转运系数表明，OE中铅和锌以及PL中的锌会转移到地上部分，不过未发现对植物或动物有毒性的证据。最后，土壤性质影响植物中金属（类金属）的积累。OE物种与土壤不稳定金属（类金属）组分以及pH值、总氮、有机碳和粉砂含量有关。PL物种与固定化金属（类金属）组分、砂含量、电导率以及砷、镉和铅的总浓度有关。因此，采矿活动已影响到邻近的原生土壤，金属在植物物种中有所积累，尽管转运率较低，这可能是由于所研究物种保护自身免受有害元素侵害的生理策略，以及较高的土壤pH值限制了金属的迁移性。
