Dessì A, Bosco A, Pintus R, Orrù G, Fanos V
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Jul;25(13):4579-4596. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202107_26251.
The human being has evolved in close symbiosis with its own ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria. After the intestinal microbiome, that of the oral cavity is the largest and most diversified. Its importance is reflected not only in local and systemic diseases, but also in pregnancy since it would seem to influence the placental microbiome.
This is a literature review of articles published in PubMed about Fusobacterium Nucleatum and both its implications with systemic and oral health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, flavors perception and its interference in the oral-nasal mucosal immunity.
It is in maintaining the microbiome's homeostasis that the Fusobacterium nucleatum, an opportunistic periodontal pathogen of the oral cavity, plays a crucial role both as a bridge microorganism of the tongue biofilm, and in maintaining the balance between the different species in the oral-nasal mucosal immunity also by taste receptors interaction. It is also involved in the flavor perception and its detection in the oral microbiome of children from the first days of life suggests a possible physiological role. However, the dysbiosis can determine its pathogenicity with local and systemic consequences, including the pathogenesis of respiratory infections.
It is interesting to evaluate its possible correlation with Sars-CoV-2 and the consequences on the microflora of the oral cavity, both to promote a possible broad-spectrum preventive action, in favor of all subjects for whom, by promoting the eubiosis of the oral microbiome, a defensive action could be envisaged by the commensals themselves but, above all, for patients with specific comorbidities and therefore already prone to oral dysbiosis.
人类在与自身共生、互利共生和致病细菌的生态群落紧密共生中进化。除肠道微生物群外，口腔微生物群是最大且最多样化的。其重要性不仅体现在局部和全身性疾病中，还体现在妊娠方面，因为它似乎会影响胎盘微生物群。
这是一篇对发表在PubMed上关于具核梭杆菌及其对全身和口腔健康的影响、不良妊娠结局、味觉感知以及对口腔 - 鼻腔黏膜免疫干扰的文章的文献综述。
作为口腔机会性牙周病原体，具核梭杆菌在维持微生物群的稳态中起着关键作用，既是舌生物膜的桥梁微生物，又通过味觉受体相互作用在维持口腔 - 鼻腔黏膜免疫中不同物种之间的平衡。它还参与味觉感知，并且在生命最初几天就可在儿童口腔微生物群中检测到它，这表明其可能具有生理作用。然而，生态失调可决定其致病性，并产生局部和全身后果，包括呼吸道感染的发病机制。
评估其与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的可能相关性以及对口腔微生物群的影响很有意思，这既有利于促进可能的广谱预防行动，使所有通过促进口腔微生物群的微生态平衡，共生菌自身可设想采取防御行动的人群受益，尤其是对于患有特定合并症且因此已易患口腔生态失调的患者。
