Marques Adriana R, Strle Franc, Wormser Gary P
Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Aug;27(8):2017-2024. doi: 10.3201/eid2708.204763.
Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis, is the most common tickborne disease in the United States and Europe. In both locations, Ixodes species ticks transmit the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato bacteria species responsible for causing the infection. The diversity of Borrelia species that cause human infection is greater in Europe; the 2 B. burgdorferi s.l. species collectively responsible for most infections in Europe, B. afzelii and B. garinii, are not found in the United States, where most infections are caused by B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Strain differences seem to explain some of the variation in the clinical manifestations of Lyme disease, which are both minor and substantive, between the United States and Europe. Future studies should attempt to delineate the specific virulence factors of the different species of B. burgdorferi s.l. responsible for these variations in clinical features.
莱姆病，即莱姆疏螺旋体病，是美国和欧洲最常见的蜱传疾病。在这两个地区，硬蜱属蜱虫传播导致感染的伯氏疏螺旋体狭义种细菌。在欧洲，引起人类感染的疏螺旋体种类更为多样；在美国未发现共同导致欧洲大多数感染的两种狭义伯氏疏螺旋体，即阿氏疏螺旋体和伽氏疏螺旋体，美国的大多数感染是由严格意义上的伯氏疏螺旋体引起的。菌株差异似乎可以解释美国和欧洲之间莱姆病临床表现的一些差异，这些差异既有轻微的，也有实质性的。未来的研究应试图确定不同狭义伯氏疏螺旋体物种导致这些临床特征差异的具体毒力因子。
