Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
J Sleep Res. 2022 Feb;31(1):e13429. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13429. Epub 2021 Jul 20.
The Coronavirus 2019 pandemic strongly affected our sleep and dream activity. Many cross-sectional studies highlighted increased dream recall frequency, and revealed a great presence of pandemic-related oneiric contents. Here, we present the first prospective study carried out on an Italian sample. One-hundred subjects were requested to fill out a web-survey including socio-demographic information, and questionnaires collecting sleep and clinical measures during lockdown. A final sample of 90 subjects participated in the longitudinal protocol lasting 2 weeks: (a) the first week (April 28-May 4) of full lockdown; and (b) the second week (May 5-May 11) of easing of restrictions. Subjects were asked to record at home their dream experiences, and complete a sleep-dream diary each morning. Statistical comparisons showed that participants had higher numbers of awakenings, lower ease of falling asleep, higher dream recall and lucid dream frequency during lockdown than post-lockdown. Further, subjects reported more dreams, including "being in crowded places" during post-lockdown than lockdown. The poorer sleep quality during lockdown is quite consistent with previous findings. The relationship between traumatic events and dream recall frequency confirmed the idea of pandemic as "collective trauma". Also, we hypothesized that the greater presence of lucid dreams during confinement could reflect the attempt to cope with the waking pandemic-experiences. Finally, the presence of crowded places into dream scenarios during the second week of our protocol appears consistent with the continuity-hypothesis, as the possibility to access places frequented by other people could represent a relevant experience after a long period of confinement.
2019 年冠状病毒大流行强烈影响了我们的睡眠和梦境活动。许多横断面研究强调了梦境回忆频率的增加，并揭示了大量与大流行相关的梦境内容。在这里，我们展示了第一项针对意大利样本进行的前瞻性研究。要求 100 名受试者填写一份网络调查，包括社会人口统计学信息以及收集睡眠和临床措施的问卷在封锁期间。最终有 90 名受试者参加了为期 2 周的纵向方案：(a)完全封锁的第一周(4 月 28 日至 5 月 4 日)；和(b)限制放宽的第二周(5 月 5 日至 5 月 11 日)。要求受试者在家记录梦境体验，并每天早上填写睡眠-梦境日记。统计比较表明，与封锁后相比，参与者在封锁期间有更多的觉醒，入睡更容易，梦境回忆和清醒梦频率更高。此外，与封锁期间相比，受试者报告了更多的梦境，包括封锁后“在拥挤的地方”。封锁期间睡眠质量较差与先前的研究结果相当一致。创伤事件与梦境回忆频率之间的关系证实了大流行是“集体创伤”的想法。此外，我们假设在禁闭期间清醒梦的出现更频繁可能反映了尝试应对清醒时的大流行经历。最后，在我们方案的第二周，梦境场景中出现拥挤的地方似乎与连续性假说一致，因为能够进入其他人经常光顾的地方可能是长期禁闭后的重要体验。
