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临床健康奶牛直线行走的运动学步态特征。

Kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows.

机构信息

Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2021 Jul 21;16(7):e0253479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253479. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to describe the kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows using body mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) at multiple anatomical locations. The temporal parameters used are speed and non-speed normalized stance duration, bipedal and tripedal support durations, maximal protraction and retraction angles of the distal limbs and vertical displacement curves of the upper body. Gait analysis was performed by letting 17 dairy cows walk in a straight line at their own chosen pace while equipped with IMU sensors on tubera sacrale, left and right tuber coxae (LTC and RTC), back, withers, head, neck and all four lower limbs. Data intervals with stride by stride regularity were selected based on video data. For temporal parameters, the median was calculated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on linear mixed model (LMM) analysis, while for limb and vertical displacement curves, the median and most typical curves were calculated. The temporal parameters and distal limb angles showed consistent results with low variance and LMM analysis showed non-overlapping CI for all temporal parameters. The distal limb angle curves showed a larger and steeper retraction angle range for the distal front limbs compared with the hind limbs. The vertical displacement curves of the sacrum, withers, LTC and RTC showed a consistent sinusoidal pattern while the head, back and collar curves were less consistent and showed more variation between and within cows. This kinematic description might allow to objectively differentiate between normal and lame gait in the future and determine the best anatomical location for sensor attachment for lameness detection purposes.

摘要

本研究旨在使用身体安装的惯性测量单元 (IMU) 在多个解剖位置描述临床健康奶牛直线行走的运动学步态特征。所用的时间参数是速度和非速度归一化的站立持续时间、双足和三足支撑持续时间、四肢远端的最大伸展和回缩角度以及上半身的垂直位移曲线。通过让 17 头奶牛在配备 IMU 传感器的情况下以自己选择的速度在直线上行走,进行步态分析,传感器安装在荐骨、左右髋结节 (LTC 和 RTC)、背部、肩部、头部、颈部和所有四个四肢。根据视频数据选择具有逐步规律性的数据间隔。对于时间参数,计算中位数并基于线性混合模型 (LMM) 分析估计 95%置信区间 (CI),而对于肢体和垂直位移曲线,计算中位数和最典型的曲线。时间参数和四肢角度的结果具有低方差且一致性好,LMM 分析显示所有时间参数的 CI 均不重叠。与后肢相比,四肢远端角度曲线显示出更大和更陡峭的前肢回缩角度范围。骶骨、肩部、LTC 和 RTC 的垂直位移曲线呈一致的正弦模式,而头部、背部和颈圈曲线则不太一致,并且在牛之间和牛内显示出更多的变化。这种运动学描述将来可能允许客观地区分正常和跛行步态,并确定用于跛行检测目的的传感器附接的最佳解剖位置。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4236/8294546/7f4aef63ff95/pone.0253479.g001.jpg

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