Šuriņa Sanita, Martinsone Kristine, Perepjolkina Viktorija, Kolesnikova Jelena, Vainik Uku, Ruža Aleksejs, Vrublevska Jelena, Smirnova Daria, Fountoulakis Konstantinos N, Rancans Elmars
Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Rīgas Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.
Faculty of Communication, Rīgas Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jul 5;12:676521. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676521. eCollection 2021.
While COVID-19 has rapidly spread around the world, and vaccines are not widely available to the general population, the World Health Organization outlines preventive behavior as the most effective way to limit the rapid spread of the virus. Preventive behavior is associated with a number of factors that both encourage and discourage prevention. The aim of this research was to study COVID-19 threat appraisal, fear of COVID-19, trust in COVID-19 information sources, COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and the relationship of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, level of education, place of residence, and employment status) to COVID-19 preventive behavior. The data originate from a national cross-sectional online survey ( = 2,608) undertaken in July 2020. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. COVID-19 threat appraisal, trust in COVID-19 information sources, and fear of COVID-19 are all significant predictors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Together they explain 26.7% of the variance of this variable. COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs significantly negatively predict COVID-19 threat appraisal ( = 0.206) and trust in COVID-19 information sources ( = 0.190). COVID-19 threat appraisal contributes significantly and directly to the explanation of the fear of COVID-19 ( = 0.134). Directly, as well as mediated by COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, threat appraisal predicts trust in COVID-19 information sources ( = 0.190). The relationship between COVID-19 threat appraisal and COVID-19 preventive behaviors is partially mediated by fear of COVID-19 (indirect effect 28.6%) and trust in information sources (15.8%). Socio-demographic variables add very little in prediction of COVID-19 preventive behavior. The study results demonstrate that COVID-19 threat appraisal is the most important factor associated with COVID-19 preventive behavior. Those Latvian residents with higher COVID-19 threat appraisal, experienced higher levels of fear of COVID-19, had more trust in COVID-19 information sources, and were more actively involved in following COVID-19 preventive behaviors. COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs negatively predict COVID-19 threat appraisal and trust in COVID-19 information sources, but not the COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Socio-demographic factors do not play an important role here.
虽然新冠病毒已在全球迅速传播，且疫苗尚未广泛普及，但世界卫生组织指出，预防行为是限制病毒快速传播的最有效方式。预防行为与诸多鼓励或阻碍预防的因素相关。本研究旨在探讨新冠病毒威胁评估、对新冠病毒的恐惧、对新冠病毒信息来源的信任、新冠病毒阴谋论信念，以及社会人口统计学变量（性别、年龄、教育程度、居住地点和就业状况）与新冠病毒预防行为之间的关系。数据来源于2020年7月开展的一项全国性横断面在线调查（n = 2,608）。数据采用结构方程模型进行分析。新冠病毒威胁评估、对新冠病毒信息来源的信任以及对新冠病毒的恐惧，都是新冠病毒预防行为的显著预测因素。它们共同解释了该变量26.7%的方差。新冠病毒阴谋论信念对新冠病毒威胁评估（β = 0.206）和对新冠病毒信息来源的信任（β = 0.190）有显著的负向预测作用。新冠病毒威胁评估对解释对新冠病毒的恐惧有显著的直接贡献（β = 0.134）。威胁评估直接以及通过新冠病毒阴谋论信念的中介作用，预测对新冠病毒信息来源的信任（β = 0.190）。新冠病毒威胁评估与新冠病毒预防行为之间的关系部分由对新冠病毒的恐惧（间接效应28.6%）和对信息来源的信任（15.8%）介导。社会人口统计学变量对新冠病毒预防行为的预测作用甚微。研究结果表明，新冠病毒威胁评估是与新冠病毒预防行为相关的最重要因素。那些对新冠病毒威胁评估较高的拉脱维亚居民，对新冠病毒的恐惧程度更高，对新冠病毒信息来源的信任度更高，并且更积极地参与遵循新冠病毒预防行为。新冠病毒阴谋论信念对新冠病毒威胁评估和对新冠病毒信息来源的信任有负向预测作用，但对新冠病毒预防行为没有影响。社会人口统计学因素在此处不起重要作用。
