Jovančević Ana, Milićević Nebojša
University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Serbia.
Pers Individ Dif. 2020 Dec 1;167:110216. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110216. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
The main aim of this research was to examine the role of optimism-pessimism, general trust and belief in conspiracy theories, in COVID-19 related fears, preventive and hoarding behaviors. We also examined the role of different sources of information in these relations. The convenience sample was used ( = 412) and it consisted of individuals from Serbia ( = 292) and Latin-America ( = 120). Following instruments were used: The Life Orientation Test (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), Trust in people scale (Arbor, 1964), questions regarding fear, source of information, preventive behaviors and conspiracy constructed for the purposes of this research. The results suggest that fear of food shortage was the most pronounces one in both samples, followed by fear for oneself and finally by the fear for beloved others. Results suggest that optimists, those with high level of general trust and those who do not believe in conspiracy theories show lower level of fear and higher level of preventive behaviors. Pessimists on the other hand, show higher level of fear. Fear was related to all information sources suggesting that more information leads to higher intensity of fear - except information from the president which did not show any effect.
本研究的主要目的是考察乐观-悲观情绪、一般信任以及对阴谋论的信念在与新冠疫情相关的恐惧、预防行为和囤积行为中所起的作用。我们还考察了不同信息来源在这些关系中的作用。采用了便利样本（n = 412），样本由来自塞尔维亚的个体（n = 292）和拉丁美洲的个体（n = 120）组成。使用了以下工具：生活取向测试（Scheier、Carver和Bridges，1994年）、对人信任量表（Arbor，1964年）、关于恐惧、信息来源、预防行为以及为本研究目的构建的阴谋论相关问题。结果表明，在两个样本中，对食物短缺的恐惧最为明显，其次是对自身的恐惧，最后是对亲人的恐惧。结果表明，乐观主义者、具有高度一般信任的人以及不相信阴谋论的人表现出较低的恐惧水平和较高的预防行为水平。另一方面，悲观主义者表现出较高的恐惧水平。恐惧与所有信息来源都有关联，这表明更多信息会导致更高强度的恐惧——除了来自总统的信息没有显示出任何影响。
