Department of Medical sciences, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Brain Behav. 2021 Aug;11(8):e2285. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2285. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
Cadmium (Cd) is the most dangerous heavy metal that is becoming more widespread in nature as a result of industrial activities. One of the toxic effects of Cd on the body is its neurological effect. The mechanism of these effects has been attributed to the induction of oxidative stress. Ferulla plant has antioxidant properties. In the present study, the aim was to reduce the toxic effects of Cd on memory impairment in rats by through the consumption of Ferulla extract.
MATERIALS & METHOD: Rats were randomly divided into five groups of six: (1) control group, (2) 300 μM cadmium exposure group, and three treatment groups with doses of (3) 100, (4) 300, and (5) 600 mg/kg.BW of F. Ferulla extract after Cd exposure. To induce neurotoxicity, Cd was daily injected peritoneally at a concentration of 300 μM in 1 ml of normal saline for a week. Next, for 3 weeks, the Cd group received 1 ml of normal peritoneal saline, and the treatment groups received F. Ferulla extract at concentrations of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg.BW in 1 ml of normal saline daily for a week. At the end of the treatment period, a water maze was used to assess memory disorders. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione concentration (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in nerve tissue were also measured. Morris water maze was also performed after intervention.
Cd-induced neurotoxicity was shown in Cd groups. MDA, GSH, and GPX have a significant difference in comparison between the Cd and 300, 600 treated groups. MDA has a significant increase (p < 0.05), and GSH and GPX have a significant decrease (p < 0.05). The results of the Morris water maze showed that the Cd group spent either 300 or 600 more distances and time to find a place to escape, which was significant (p < 0.05) CONCLUSION: Cd exposure can induce neurotoxicity and disrupt learning and memory. On the other hand, Ferulla extract can improve learning and memory in Cd-induced neurotoxicity model via induced antioxidant defense system.
镉（Cd）是最危险的重金属，由于工业活动，它在自然界中的分布越来越广泛。镉对人体的毒性作用之一是其神经毒性。这些影响的机制归因于氧化应激的诱导。Ferulla 植物具有抗氧化特性。在本研究中，目的是通过摄入 Ferulla 提取物来减少 Cd 对大鼠记忆障碍的毒性作用。
将大鼠随机分为五组，每组六只：（1）对照组，（2）300μM 镉暴露组，和三个剂量组（3）100、（4）300 和（5）600mg/kg.BW 的 F. Ferulla 提取物。为了诱导神经毒性，每天在 1ml 生理盐水中共注射 300μM 的 Cd 一次，持续一周。接下来，在 3 周内，Cd 组接受 1ml 生理盐水腹膜内注射，治疗组每天接受 1ml 生理盐水和浓度为 100、300 和 600mg/kg.BW 的 F. Ferulla 提取物腹膜内注射，持续一周。在治疗期末，使用水迷宫评估记忆障碍。还测量了神经组织中的丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽浓度（GSH）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）活性。干预后还进行了 Morris 水迷宫。
Cd 诱导的神经毒性在 Cd 组中表现出来。与 Cd 和 300、600 处理组相比，MDA、GSH 和 GPX 之间存在显著差异。MDA 显著增加（p<0.05），GSH 和 GPX 显著减少（p<0.05）。Morris 水迷宫的结果表明，Cd 组找到逃生地点的距离和时间分别增加了 300 或 600 米，差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。
Cd 暴露可引起神经毒性，破坏学习和记忆。另一方面，Ferulla 提取物可以通过诱导抗氧化防御系统改善 Cd 诱导的神经毒性模型中的学习和记忆。
