Rothschild Foundation, 75019, Paris, France.
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2022 Mar;87:100997. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100997. Epub 2021 Jul 19.
The choriocapillaris is the innermost structure of the choroid that directly nourishes the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. This article provides an overview of its hemovasculogenesis development to achieve its final architecture as a lobular vasculature, and also summarizes the current histological and molecular knowledge about choriocapillaris and its dysfunction. After describing the existing state-of-the-art tools to image the choriocapillaris, we report the findings in the choriocapillaris encountered in the most frequent retinochoroidal diseases including vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, myopia, pachychoroid disease spectrum disorders, and glaucoma. The final section focuses on the development of imaging technology to optimize visualization of the choriocapillaris as well as current treatments of retinochoroidal disorders that specifically target the choriocapillaris. We conclude the article with pertinent unanswered questions and future directions in research for the choriocapillaris.
脉络膜毛细血管是脉络膜的最内层结构，直接为视网膜色素上皮和光感受器提供营养。本文概述了其血管生成发育过程，以实现其作为小叶状血管的最终结构，并总结了脉络膜毛细血管及其功能障碍的当前组织学和分子知识。在描述了现有的用于成像脉络膜毛细血管的工具之后，我们报告了在最常见的视网膜脉络膜疾病中发现的脉络膜毛细血管，包括血管疾病、炎症性疾病、近视、脉络膜增厚疾病谱障碍和青光眼。最后一节的重点是开发成像技术，以优化脉络膜毛细血管的可视化，并介绍目前针对脉络膜毛细血管的视网膜脉络膜疾病的治疗方法。最后，我们在文章中提出了与脉络膜毛细血管相关的一些尚未解决的问题和未来的研究方向。
