Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster.
Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster.
Psychol Sci. 2021 Aug;32(8):1311-1324. doi: 10.1177/0956797621996667. Epub 2021 Jul 23.
Our brains rapidly respond to human faces and can differentiate between many identities, retrieving rich semantic emotional-knowledge information. Studies provide a mixed picture of how such information affects event-related potentials (ERPs). We systematically examined the effect of feature-based attention on ERP modulations to briefly presented faces of individuals associated with a crime. The tasks required participants ( = 40 adults) to discriminate the orientation of lines overlaid onto the face, the age of the face, or emotional information associated with the face. Negative faces amplified the N170 ERP component during all tasks, whereas the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) components were increased only when the emotional information was attended to. These findings suggest that during early configural analyses (N170), evaluative information potentiates face processing regardless of feature-based attention. During intermediate, only partially resource-dependent, processing stages (EPN) and late stages of elaborate stimulus processing (LPP), attention to the acquired emotional information is necessary for amplified processing of negatively evaluated faces.
我们的大脑能够快速对人脸做出反应，并能区分许多身份，提取丰富的语义情感知识信息。研究提供了一个混合的画面，说明这种信息如何影响事件相关电位（ERP）。我们系统地检查了基于特征的注意力对短暂呈现的与犯罪有关的人脸的 ERP 调制的影响。任务要求参与者（= 40 名成年人）辨别叠加在脸上的线的方向、脸的年龄或与脸相关的情绪信息。在所有任务中，负性面孔都会放大 N170 ERP 成分，而只有当注意到情绪信息时，早期后负电位（EPN）和晚期正电位（LPP）成分才会增加。这些发现表明，在早期的整体分析（N170）中，评价信息增强了面孔处理，而不管基于特征的注意力如何。在中间阶段，只有部分资源依赖的加工阶段（EPN）和精细刺激加工的晚期阶段（LPP），注意到获得的情绪信息对于放大处理负性评价的面孔是必要的。
