Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 15;18(14):7541. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147541.
First described by paediatric anaesthesiologists, perioperative hypothermia is one of the earliest reported side effects of general anaesthesia. Deviations from normothermia are associated with numerous complications and adverse outcomes, with infants and small children at the highest risk. Nowadays, maintenance of normothermia is an important quality metric in paediatric anaesthesia.
This review is based on our collection of publications regarding perioperative hypothermia and was supplemented with pertinent publications from a MEDLINE literature search.
We provide an overview on perioperative hypothermia in the paediatric patient, including definition, history, incidence, development, monitoring, risk factors, and adverse events, and provide management recommendations for its prevention. We also summarize the side effects and complications of perioperative temperature management.
Perioperative hypothermia is still common in paediatric patients and may be attributed to their vulnerable physiology, but also may result from insufficient perioperative warming. An effective perioperative warming strategy incorporates the maintenance of normothermia during transportation, active warming before induction of anaesthesia, active warming during anaesthesia and surgery, and accurate measurement of core temperature. Perioperative temperature management must also prevent hyperthermia in children.
围手术期低体温最早由儿科麻醉医师描述，是全身麻醉最早报告的副作用之一。与正常体温偏离与许多并发症和不良后果相关，婴儿和幼儿的风险最高。如今，维持正常体温是儿科麻醉的一个重要质量指标。
本综述基于我们对围手术期低体温的文献收集，并补充了 MEDLINE 文献检索的相关文献。
我们提供了儿科患者围手术期低体温的概述，包括定义、历史、发生率、发展、监测、危险因素和不良事件，并提供了预防的管理建议。我们还总结了围手术期体温管理的副作用和并发症。
围手术期低体温在儿科患者中仍然很常见，可能归因于他们脆弱的生理状况，但也可能是由于围手术期升温不足所致。有效的围手术期升温策略包括在转运过程中维持正常体温，在麻醉诱导前主动升温，在麻醉和手术期间主动升温，以及准确测量核心体温。围手术期体温管理还必须防止儿童体温过高。
