Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Department of Global Development Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N9, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 18;18(14):7637. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147637.
The impact of neighborhoods on adolescent engagement in health-risk behaviors (HRBs), such as substance use and sexual activity, has been well documented in high-income countries; however, evidence from low and middle-income country settings is limited, particularly in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Neighborhoods and communities in SSA continue to experience urbanization, epidemiologic transition, and the simultaneous presence of large populations living in rurality and urbanicity. This is a dynamic context for exploring adolescent health challenges. This review seeks to identify and summarize existing literature that investigates adolescent engagement in HRBs when compared across rural and urban neighborhoods across SSA. We performed searches using three electronic databases, targeted grey literature searches and scanned reference lists of included studies. Following dual-screening, our search yielded 23 relevant studies that met all inclusion criteria. These were categorized into six broad themes including studies on: (1) sexual risk taking, (2) injury-related, (3) violence, (4) eating and/or exercise-related, (5) substance use, and (6) personal hygiene. We found that neighborhood factors relating to accessibility and availability of health information and care impacted adolescent engagement in HRBs in rural and urban areas. Urbanization of areas of SSA plays a role in differences in engagement in HRBs between rural and urban dwelling adolescents.
社区对青少年参与健康风险行为（HRB）的影响，如药物使用和性行为，在高收入国家已有充分记录；然而，来自中低收入国家的证据有限，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）国家。SSA 的社区和社区仍在经历城市化、流行病学转变，以及大量人口同时居住在农村和城市地区。这是探索青少年健康挑战的动态背景。本综述旨在确定和总结现有的文献，这些文献调查了 SSA 农村和城市社区之间青少年参与 HRB 的情况。我们使用三个电子数据库、有针对性的灰色文献搜索和纳入研究的参考文献列表进行了搜索。经过双重筛选，我们的搜索产生了 23 项符合所有纳入标准的相关研究。这些研究分为六个广泛的主题，包括：（1）性冒险，（2）与伤害相关，（3）暴力，（4）饮食和/或运动相关，（5）药物使用，以及（6）个人卫生。我们发现，与健康信息和护理的可及性和可得性相关的社区因素会影响农村和城市地区青少年参与 HRB。SSA 地区的城市化在农村和城市居住的青少年参与 HRB 方面的差异中发挥了作用。
