Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Applied Sociology and Social Work, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 18;18(14):7642. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147642.
The article focuses on a less-discussed issue of social marginalization of people leaving penitentiaries, which is the prevalence of multifaceted health problems experienced by people in this category. It includes poor health status, resulting from, among others, poor housing conditions, harmful or risky lifestyle, and lack of access to medical services. Data from the District Inspectorate of the Prison Service in Lodz, Poland on the health conditions of inmates was accessed. These data were supplemented by qualitative research conducted in 21 juvenile detention centers and 8 prisons across the country, conducting direct observations and In-Depth Interviews (IDI). A total of 198 IDIs were conducted with incarcerated (72) and released (30) juvenile offenders, and incarcerated (68) and released (28) adult offenders. These were complemented by IDIs with experts (50) and Focus Group Interviews (FGIs; 8) with male and female inmates in 4 Polish prisons. The study revealed that mental and physical health is a serious obstacle to social reintegration of ex-prisoners. It is rarely addressed by state institutions. There are strong associations between neglect of health issues in the prison population and increasing social exclusion after leaving prison. As Poland has a restrictive penal policy, former prisoners remain a group with social stigma and little support.
这篇文章主要关注的是一个较少被讨论的问题，即刑满释放人员的社会边缘化问题，这是这一类人群普遍存在的多方面健康问题。这些问题包括由于住房条件差、生活方式有害或冒险以及缺乏医疗服务等原因导致的健康状况不佳。本文利用了波兰罗兹地区监狱管理局的囚犯健康状况数据，并通过在全国 21 个少年拘留中心和 8 个监狱进行定性研究进行了补充，包括直接观察和深入访谈（IDI）。总共对 198 名被监禁的（72 名）和已释放的（30 名）少年罪犯以及被监禁的（68 名）和已释放的（28 名）成年罪犯进行了 IDI 访谈，并对 4 所波兰监狱的 50 名专家进行了 IDI 访谈以及对 8 名男女囚犯进行了焦点小组访谈（FGI）。研究表明，精神和身体健康是刑满释放人员社会重新融入的严重障碍，但很少得到国家机构的关注。在监狱人口中忽视健康问题与离开监狱后社会排斥的加剧之间存在很强的关联。由于波兰实行限制刑政策，因此前囚犯仍然是一个带有社会耻辱和支持甚少的群体。
