Carletti Claudia, Pani Paola, Monasta Lorenzo, Knowles Alessandra, Cattaneo Adriano
Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, Trieste 34137, Italy.
Nutrients. 2017 Jan 4;9(1):34. doi: 10.3390/nu9010034.
Timing and type of complementary food in infancy affect nutritional status and health later in life. The objective of this paper was to assess complementary feeding practices, looking at timing, type, and compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Data were obtained from a birth cohort of 400 infants, enrolled in Trieste (Italy) between July 2007 and July 2008 and followed up for three years, using a "food introduction timing table". Five WHO recommendations standards were used to assess parental compliance and associated factors. Thirty seven percent of mothers returned the completed "timing table" up until the child was three years of age. Eighty six percent of infants were already receiving complementary foods at six months. The first food type to be introduced was fresh fruit (170 days from birth, median). Overall, infants shared a very similar diet, which was different from the family diet and characterized by delayed introduction of certain food types. Five percent of parents complied with either all five or only one of the WHO recommendations, 34% with three, and 35% with four. The parents' partial compliance with WHO recommendations is probably due to conflicting information received from different sources. This advocates for national evidence-based guidelines, supported and promoted by health professionals.
婴儿期辅食添加的时间和种类会影响其日后的营养状况和健康。本文的目的是评估辅食喂养情况，包括添加时间、种类以及是否符合世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议。数据来自于400名婴儿的出生队列，这些婴儿于2007年7月至2008年7月在的里雅斯特（意大利）登记入组，并随访三年，采用了“食物引入时间表”。使用世界卫生组织的五项建议标准来评估家长的依从性及相关因素。在孩子三岁前，37%的母亲交回了填写完整的“时间表”。86%的婴儿在六个月时已开始添加辅食。引入的第一种食物类型是新鲜水果（出生后170天，中位数）。总体而言，婴儿的饮食非常相似，与家庭饮食不同，其特点是某些食物类型的引入延迟。5%的家长完全符合或仅符合世界卫生组织五项建议中的一项，34%符合三项，35%符合四项。家长对世界卫生组织建议的部分依从可能是由于从不同来源获得的信息相互矛盾。这提倡制定基于国家证据的指南，并由卫生专业人员予以支持和推广。
