Noordhof Dionne A, Danielsson Marius Lyng, Skovereng Knut, Danielsen Jørgen, Seeberg Trine M, Haugnes Pål, Kocbach Jan, Ettema Gertjan, Sandbakk Øyvind B
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Smart Sensor System, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF AS, Oslo, Norway.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Jul 8;3:695052. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.695052. eCollection 2021.
The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the anaerobic energy contribution during a simulated cross-country (XC) skiing mass-start competition while roller-ski skating on a treadmill; 2) to investigate the relationship between the recovery of the anaerobic energy reserves and performance; and 3) to compare the gross efficiency (GE) method and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) to determine the anaerobic contribution. Twelve male XC skiers performed two testing days while roller skiing on a treadmill. To collect submaximal data necessary for the GE and MAOD method, participants performed a resting metabolism measurement, followed by low-intensity warm up, 12 submaximal 4-min bouts, performed using three different skating sub-techniques (G2 on a 12% incline, G3 on 5% and G4 on 2%) on three submaximal intensities on day 1. On day 2, participants performed a 21-min simulated mass-start competition on varying terrain to determine the anaerobic energy contribution. The speed was fixed, but when participants were unable to keep up, a 30-s rest bout was included. Performance was established by the time to exhaustion (TTE) during a sprint at the end of the 21-min protocol. Skiers were ranked based on the number of rest bouts needed to finish the protocol and TTE. The highest GE of day 1 for each of the different inclines/sub-techniques was used to calculate the aerobic and anaerobic contribution during the simulated mass start using the GE method and two different MAOD approaches. About 85-90% of the required energy during the simulated mass-start competition (excluding downhill segments) came from the aerobic energy system and ~10-15% from the anaerobic energy systems. Moderate to large Spearman correlation coefficients were found between recovery of anaerobic energy reserves and performance rank ( = 0.58-0.71, < 0.025). No significant difference in anaerobic work was found between methods/approaches ( = 3.2, = 0.10), while clear individual differences existed. In conclusion, about 10-15% of the required energy during the periods of active propulsion of a 21-min simulated mass-start competition came from the anaerobic energy systems. Due to the intermittent nature of XC skiing, the recovery of anaerobic energy reserves seems highly important for performance. To assess the anaerobic contribution methods should not be used interchangeably.
1）在跑步机上进行轮滑时，调查模拟越野滑雪集体出发比赛期间的无氧能量贡献；2）研究无氧能量储备的恢复与运动表现之间的关系；3）比较总效率（GE）法和最大累积氧亏（MAOD）法来确定无氧贡献。12名男性越野滑雪运动员在跑步机上进行轮滑时，进行了两天的测试。为了收集GE和MAOD法所需的次最大数据，参与者先进行静息代谢测量，然后进行低强度热身，在第1天，使用三种不同的轮滑子技术（12%坡度的G2、5%坡度的G3和2%坡度的G4）在三种次最大强度下进行12次4分钟的次最大运动。在第2天，参与者在不同地形上进行了一场21分钟的模拟集体出发比赛，以确定无氧能量贡献。速度是固定的，但当参与者跟不上时，会加入30秒的休息时间。运动表现通过21分钟方案结束时冲刺的力竭时间（TTE）来确定。根据完成方案所需的休息次数和TTE对滑雪运动员进行排名。使用GE法和两种不同的MAOD方法，根据第1天不同坡度/子技术各自的最高GE来计算模拟集体出发期间的有氧和无氧贡献。在模拟集体出发比赛期间（不包括下坡段），约85 - 90%的所需能量来自有氧能量系统，约10 - 15%来自无氧能量系统。无氧能量储备的恢复与运动表现排名之间存在中等至较大的斯皮尔曼相关系数（r = 0.58 - 0.71，P < 0.025）。各方法/途径之间的无氧功没有显著差异（F = 3.2，P = 0.10），但存在明显的个体差异。总之，在21分钟模拟集体出发比赛的主动推进阶段，约10 - 15%的所需能量来自无氧能量系统。由于越野滑雪的间歇性，无氧能量储备的恢复对运动表现似乎非常重要。评估无氧贡献时，不应互换使用各方法。
