Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Neurol Res. 2022 Jan;44(1):65-89. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1956290. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a medical emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Motor, memory, and emotion-related deficits are common symptoms following TBI, yet treatment is very limited. To develop new drugs and find new therapeutic avenues, a wide variety of TBI models have been established to mimic the heterogeneity of TBI. In this regard, along with histologic measures, behavioral functional outcomes provide valuable insight into the underlying neuropathology and guide neurorehabilitation efforts for neuropsychiatric impairment after TBI. Development, characterization, and application of behavioral tests that can assess functional neurologic deficits are essential to the development of translational therapies. This comprehensive review aims to summarize 19 common behavioral tests from three aspects (motor, memory, and emotion-related) that are associated with TBI pathology. Discussion covers the apparatus, the test steps, the evaluation indexes, data collection and analysis, animal performance and applications, advantages and disadvantages as well as precautions to eliminate bias wherever possible. We discussed recent studies on TBI-related preconditioning, biomarkers, and optimized behavioral protocols. The neuropsychologic tests employed in clinics were correlated with those used in mouse TBI models. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date reference for TBI researchers to choose the right neurobehavioral protocol according to the research objectives of their translational investigation.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是一种发病率和死亡率都很高的医学急症。运动、记忆和情绪相关的缺陷是 TBI 后的常见症状，但治疗方法非常有限。为了开发新的药物和寻找新的治疗途径，已经建立了各种各样的 TBI 模型来模拟 TBI 的异质性。在这方面，除了组织学测量外，行为功能结果还为了解潜在的神经病理学提供了有价值的见解，并指导 TBI 后神经精神障碍的神经康复工作。开发、描述和应用能够评估功能神经缺陷的行为测试对于转化治疗的发展至关重要。这篇综合综述旨在从三个方面（运动、记忆和情绪相关）总结 19 种常见的与 TBI 病理相关的行为测试。讨论涵盖了仪器、测试步骤、评估指标、数据收集和分析、动物表现和应用、优点和缺点以及尽可能消除偏差的注意事项。我们讨论了 TBI 相关预处理、生物标志物和优化行为方案的最新研究。临床中使用的神经心理学测试与在小鼠 TBI 模型中使用的测试相关。总之，本综述为 TBI 研究人员提供了一个全面、最新的参考，根据其转化研究的目标选择正确的神经行为方案。
