School of Music, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Brain Connect. 2022 Aug;12(6):584-597. doi: 10.1089/brain.2021.0069. Epub 2021 Oct 22.
Music tempo has strong clinical maneuverability and positive emotional effect in music therapy, which can directly evoke multiple emotions and dynamic neural changes in the whole brain. However, the precise relationship between music tempo and its emotional effects remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic network connectivity (dFNC) associated with emotions elicited by music at different tempi. We obtained emotion ratings of fast-tempo (155-170 beats per minute [bpm]), middle-tempo (90 bpm), and slow-tempo (50-60 bpm) piano music from 40 participants both during and after functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Group independent component analysis (ICA), sliding time window correlations, and -means clustering were used to assess the dFNC of fMRI data. Paired -tests were conducted to compare the difference of neural networks. (1) Fast music was associated with higher ratings of emotional valence and arousal, which were accompanied with increasing dFNC between somatomotor (SM) and cingulo-opercular (CO) networks and decreasing dFNC between frontoparietal and SM networks. (2) Even with stronger activation in auditory (AUD) networks, slow music was associated with weaker emotion than fast music, with decreasing functional network connectivity across the brain and the participation of default mode (DM). (3) Middle-tempo music elicited moderate emotional activation with the most stable dFNC in the whole brain. Faster music increases neural activity in the SM and CO regions, increasing the intensity of the emotional experience. In contrast, slower music was associated with decreasing engagement of AUD and stable engagement of DM, resulting in a weak emotional experience. These findings suggested that the time-varying aspects of functional connectivity can help to uncover the dynamic neural substrates of tempo-evoked emotion while listening to music.
音乐节奏在音乐治疗中具有很强的临床操作性和积极的情绪效应，它可以直接唤起大脑整体的多种情绪和动态神经变化。然而，音乐节奏与其情绪效应之间的确切关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨不同节奏音乐所引起的情绪与动态网络连通性（dFNC）之间的关系。我们从 40 名参与者中获得了快节奏（155-170 拍/分钟[bpm]）、中节奏（90 bpm）和慢节奏（50-60 bpm）钢琴音乐的情绪评分，这些评分是在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）期间和之后获得的。采用组独立成分分析（ICA）、滑动时间窗口相关和 -means 聚类来评估 fMRI 数据的 dFNC。进行配对检验以比较神经网络的差异。（1）快节奏音乐与情绪效价和唤醒度的评分较高相关，这伴随着躯体运动（SM）和扣带前回（CO）网络之间的 dFNC 增加，以及额顶叶和 SM 网络之间的 dFNC 减少。（2）即使 AUD 网络的激活更强，慢节奏音乐与快节奏音乐相比，引起的情绪较弱，整个大脑的功能网络连通性下降，默认模式（DM）参与度增加。（3）中节奏音乐引起的情绪激活程度中等，整个大脑的 dFNC 最稳定。更快的音乐增加了 SM 和 CO 区域的神经活动，增强了情绪体验的强度。相比之下，较慢的音乐与 AUD 的参与度降低和 DM 的稳定参与有关，导致情绪体验较弱。这些发现表明，功能连接的时变方面可以帮助揭示听音乐时节奏引起的情绪的动态神经基础。
