Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Alzheimers Dement. 2022 Mar;18(3):457-468. doi: 10.1002/alz.12421. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
Mid-life dietary patterns are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, although few controlled trials have been conducted.
Eighty-seven participants (age range: 45 to 65) with normal cognition (NC, n = 56) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 31) received isocaloric diets high or low in saturated fat, glycemic index, and sodium (Western-like/West-diet vs. Mediterranean-like/Med-diet) for 4 weeks. Diet effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, cognition, and cerebral perfusion were assessed to determine whether responses differed by cognitive status.
CSF amyloid beta (Aβ) ratios increased following the Med-diet, and decreased after West-diet for NC adults, whereas the MCI group showed the reverse pattern. For the MCI group, the West-diet reduced and the Med-diet increased total tau (t-tau), whereas CSF Aβ /t-tau ratios increased following the West-diet and decreased following the Med-diet. For NC participants, the Med-diet increased and the West-diet decreased cerebral perfusion.
Diet response during middle age may highlight early pathophysiological processes that increase AD risk.
中年时期的饮食模式与阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险相关，尽管进行了很少的对照试验。
87 名认知正常（NC，n=56）或轻度认知障碍（MCI，n=31）的参与者接受了 4 周的等热量饮食，饮食中饱和脂肪、血糖指数和钠的含量较高或较低（西式/West 饮食与地中海式/Med 饮食）。评估饮食对脑脊液（CSF）生物标志物、认知和脑灌注的影响，以确定认知状态是否对反应有影响。
NC 成人在食用 Med 饮食后 CSF 中的淀粉样蛋白β（Aβ）比值增加，而在食用 West 饮食后则减少，而 MCI 组则呈现相反的模式。对于 MCI 组，West 饮食减少，Med 饮食增加总 tau（t-tau），而 CSF Aβ/t-tau 比值在 West 饮食后增加，在 Med 饮食后减少。对于 NC 参与者，Med 饮食增加，West 饮食减少脑灌注。
中年时期的饮食反应可能突出了增加 AD 风险的早期病理生理过程。
