McLeod Andrew, Lamar Melissa, Schiffer Linda, Blumstein Lara, Siegel Leilah, Berbaum Michael, Tussing-Humphreys Lisa, Fitzgibbon Marian
Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2025 May 9;55:103099. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103099. eCollection 2025 Jul.
The Building Research in Diet and Cognition Trial tested the short and long-term outcomes of an eight-month Mediterranean Diet lifestyle intervention with (MedWL) or without weight loss (MedA) via calorie restriction and physical activity, compared to a usual diet condition, on executive function, attention, information processing, learning, memory, and recognition. Short-term outcomes were measured shortly after the eight-month intervention and reported previously. The objective of this article is to report the long-term outcomes measured six months after the eight-month intervention.
Participants were randomized to either MedWL ( = 75), MedA ( = 73), or control group ( = 37). Data were collected January 2017-October 2020.
Participants were 91 % African American with mean age of 66 years and mean body mass index of 37.1 kg/m. There were no significant between-group differences in change in cognition from baseline to 14 months or eight to 14 months. However, Mediterranean Diet adherence improved more in the MedWL (+3.2) and MedA (+3.4) groups compared to controls (+0.2) over 14 months ( < 0.05), and the MedWL group lost more weight (-3.8 kg) than the MedA group (-1.7 kg) and controls (-0.5 kg) over 14 months (p < 0.05).
An eight-month Mediterranean Diet lifestyle intervention, with or without weight loss, followed by a six-month maintenance period did not change cognition relative to controls; however, the interventions improved Mediterranean Diet adherence and led to weight loss. These findings show that older, primarily African American adults can maintain Mediterranean Diet adherence and weight loss well after the end of a lifestyle intervention.
饮食与认知的基础研究试验测试了为期八个月的地中海饮食生活方式干预（MedWL）的短期和长期结果，该干预通过热量限制和体育活动实现了或未实现体重减轻（MedA），并将其与常规饮食状况相比较，观察其对执行功能、注意力、信息处理、学习、记忆和识别能力的影响。短期结果在八个月干预结束后不久进行测量，并已在之前报告过。本文的目的是报告在八个月干预结束六个月后测量的长期结果。
参与者被随机分为MedWL组（n = 75）、MedA组（n = 73）或对照组（n = 37）。数据收集时间为2017年1月至2020年10月。
参与者中91%为非裔美国人，平均年龄66岁，平均体重指数为37.1kg/m²。从基线到14个月或8至14个月，各组之间在认知变化方面没有显著差异。然而，在14个月期间，MedWL组（增加3.2）和MedA组（增加3.4）的地中海饮食依从性改善程度高于对照组（增加0.2）（P<0.05），并且在14个月期间，MedWL组的体重减轻（-3.8kg）比MedA组（-1.7kg）和对照组（-0.5kg）更多（P<0.05）。
为期八个月的地中海饮食生活方式干预，无论是否伴有体重减轻，随后经过六个月的维持期，相对于对照组而言，并未改变认知能力；然而，这些干预措施提高了地中海饮食的依从性并导致了体重减轻。这些研究结果表明，主要为非裔美国人的老年成年人在生活方式干预结束后能够很好地维持地中海饮食的依从性并保持体重减轻。
