Nisenson Melanie, Lin Vanessa, Gansner Meredith
From the Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA; Harvard Medical School (Dr. Gansner).
Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2021;29(6):401-408. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000310.
Digital phenotyping (DP) provides opportunities to study child and adolescent psychiatry from a novel perspective. DP combines objective data obtained from digital sensors with participant-generated "active data," in order to understand better an individual's behavior and environmental interactions. Although this new method has led to advances in adult psychiatry, its use in child psychiatry has been more limited. This review aims to demonstrate potential benefits of DP methodology and passive data collection by reviewing studies specifically in child and adolescent psychiatry. Twenty-six studies were identified that collected passive data from four different categories: accelerometer/actigraph data, physiological data, GPS data, and step count. Study topics ranged from the associations between manic symptomology and cardiac parameters to the role of daily emotions, sleep, and social interactions in treatment for pediatric anxiety. Reviewed studies highlighted the diverse ways in which objective data can augment naturalistic self-report methods in child and adolescent psychiatry to allow for more objective, ecologically valid, and temporally resolved conclusions. Though limitations exist-including a lack of participant adherence and device failure and misuse-DP technology may represent a new and effective method for understanding pediatric cognition, behavior, disease etiology, and treatment efficacy.
数字表型分析（DP）为从全新视角研究儿童和青少年精神病学提供了契机。DP将从数字传感器获取的客观数据与参与者生成的“主动数据”相结合，以便更深入地了解个体的行为及与环境的互动。尽管这种新方法已推动成人精神病学取得进展，但其在儿童精神病学中的应用却较为有限。本综述旨在通过回顾专门针对儿童和青少年精神病学的研究，展示DP方法和被动数据收集的潜在益处。共识别出26项研究，这些研究从四个不同类别收集被动数据：加速度计/活动记录仪数据、生理数据、GPS数据和步数计数。研究主题涵盖从躁狂症状与心脏参数的关联到日常情绪、睡眠及社交互动在儿童焦虑症治疗中的作用等。经审查的研究突出了客观数据可增强儿童和青少年精神病学中自然主义自我报告方法的多种方式，从而得出更客观、生态效度更高且时间分辨率更强的结论。尽管存在局限性——包括参与者依从性不足、设备故障及误用——DP技术可能代表一种理解儿童认知、行为、疾病病因及治疗效果的全新有效方法。
