Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia; Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
J Sport Health Sci. 2023 Jul;12(4):513-522. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.07.010. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood flow. However, findings are equivocal, possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow, the garment types used, and the pressures applied. This study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at rest.
Resting lower-limb blood flow measures (markers of venous return, muscle blood flow, and muscle oxygenation) of 22 elite, junior, male basketball players (age = 17.2 ± 0.9 years, mean ± SD) were assessed in 4 separate conditions: no compression (CON), compression tights (TIGHTS), compression shorts (SHORTS), and compression socks (SOCKS). Markers of venous return (cross-sectional area, time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity, and venous blood flow) were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral veins. Muscle blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared spectroscopy.
Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CON (p < 0.01) and SHORTS (p < 0.01), with SOCKS values higher compared with CON (p < 0.05). Common femoral vein markers of venous return were higher for all conditions compared to CON (p < 0.05), with TIGHTS values also higher compared to SOCKS (p < 0.05). Gastrocnemius medialis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.000), SOCKS (p = 0.012), and SHORTS (p = 0.000), with SOCKS higher compared to SHORTS (p = 0.046). Vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.028) and SOCKS (p = 0.019), with SHORTS also higher compared to CON (p = 0.012) and SOCKS (p = 0.005). Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.003), SOCKS (p = 0.033), and SHORTS (p = 0.003), with SOCKS higher compared to CON (p = 0.044) and SHORTS (p = 0.032). Vastus lateralis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON (p = 0.020) and SOCKS (p = 0.006).
Markers of venous return, muscle blood flow, and muscle oxygenation are increased with sports compression garments. TIGHTS are most effective, potentially because of the larger body area compressed.
人们认为运动压缩服装带来的益处与血流增强密切相关。然而，由于血流测量技术、服装类型和施加的压力存在差异，研究结果存在争议。本研究结合了多普勒超声和近红外光谱技术，首次全面评估了 3 种运动压缩服装类型对休息状态下静脉回流和肌肉血流标志物的影响。
在 4 种不同条件下，即无压缩（CON）、压缩紧身裤（TIGHTS）、压缩短裤（SHORTS）和压缩短袜（SOCKS），评估了 22 名精英、初级男性篮球运动员（年龄=17.2±0.9 岁，均值±标准差）的下肢静息血流测量值（静脉回流标志物、肌肉血流标志物和肌肉氧合标志物）。在腘窝和股总静脉处使用多普勒超声测量静脉回流标志物（横截面积、平均时间血流速度和峰值血流速度以及静脉血流）。使用近红外光谱法测量比目鱼肌和股外侧肌的肌肉血流和肌肉氧合。
与 CON 和 SHORTS 相比，TIGHTS 时腘窝静脉回流标志物较高（p<0.01），与 CON 和 SOCKS 相比，SOCKS 时股总静脉回流标志物较高（p<0.05）。与 CON 相比，所有条件下的股总静脉回流标志物均较高（p<0.05），与 SOCKS 相比，TIGHTS 时的标志物也较高（p<0.05）。与 CON、SOCKS 和 SHORTS 相比，TIGHTS 时比目鱼肌血流较高（p=0.000），与 SHORTS 相比，SOCKS 时血流较高（p=0.046）。与 CON 和 SOCKS 相比，TIGHTS 时股外侧肌血流较高（p=0.028 和 p=0.019），与 CON 和 SOCKS 相比，SHORTS 时血流也较高（p=0.012 和 p=0.005）。与 CON、SOCKS 和 SHORTS 相比，TIGHTS 时比目鱼肌氧合较高（p=0.003、p=0.033 和 p=0.003），与 CON 和 SHORTS 相比，SOCKS 时氧合较高（p=0.044 和 p=0.032）。与 CON 和 SOCKS 相比，TIGHTS 时股外侧肌氧合较高（p=0.020 和 p=0.006）。
运动压缩服装可增加静脉回流标志物、肌肉血流和肌肉氧合标志物。TIGHTS 最有效，可能是因为它压缩了更大的身体面积。
