生命是什么？
What is life?
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology - CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
出版信息
Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Aug;48(8):6223-6230. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-06594-5. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
BACKGROUND
Many traditional biological concepts continue to be debated by biologists, scientists and philosophers of science. The specific objective of this brief reflection is to offer an alternative vision to the definition of life taking as a starting point the traits common to all living beings.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Thus, I define life as a process that takes place in highly organized organic structures and is characterized by being preprogrammed, interactive, adaptative and evolutionary. If life is the process, living beings are the system in which this process takes place. I also wonder whether viruses can be considered living things or not. Taking as a starting point my definition of life and, of course, on what others have thought about it, I am in favor of considering viruses as living beings. I base this conclusion on the fact that viruses satisfy all the vital characteristics common to all living things and on the role they have played in the evolution of species. Finally, I argue that if there were life elsewhere in the universe, it would be very similar to what we know on this planet because the laws of physics and the composition of matter are universal and because of the principle of the inexorability of life.
背景
许多传统的生物学概念仍在被生物学家、科学家和科学哲学家争论。本次简要反思的具体目的，是以所有生物共有的特征为出发点，为生命定义提供另一种视角。
结果与结论
因此，我将生命定义为发生在高度组织化的有机结构中的过程，其特征是预先编程、互动、适应和进化。如果生命是一个过程，那么生物体就是这个过程发生的系统。我还想知道病毒是否可以被认为是生物。以我的生命定义为起点，当然还有其他人对它的思考，我倾向于将病毒视为生物。我得出这个结论的依据是，病毒满足了所有生物共有的生命特征，以及它们在物种进化中所扮演的角色。最后，我认为如果宇宙中其他地方存在生命，它与我们在这个星球上所知道的生命非常相似，因为物理定律和物质组成是普遍的，而且生命的必然性原则也是普遍的。
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