Universidade Federal do Piauí , Teresina , PI , Brasil .
Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2021 Jul 26;55:e03757. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2020019503757. eCollection 2021.
To analyze factors associated with diabetic foot risk in patients with diabetes mellitus assisted in Primary Care.
Observational, analytic, and transversal study took place in Teresina, Piauí, with diabetic patients who are assisted in Primary Care. Data collection took place through interviews, foot clinical exams, and medical record analysis. We used the Mann-Whitney, Pearson's Chi-square and multiple logistic regression statistics tests to analyze the data. The association power among categorical variables was measured by Odds Ratio .
322 patients participated. Marital status with a partner presented a protection factor (p = 0.007). Risk factors for the development of the diabetic foot are: arterial hypertension (p = 0.045), obesity (p = 0.011), smoking (p = 0.027), not being submitted to follow ups (p = 0.046), inadequate control of capillary blood glucose (p < 0.001), indisposition to the care of the foot (p=0.014), and foot self-exam less frequently (p = 0.040).
Sociodemographic, clinical, and self-care aspects interfere in diabetic foot development, highlighting the necessity of effective follow up tracking and educational interventions for patients with diabetes mellitus in Primary Care.
分析初级保健中糖尿病患者发生糖尿病足风险的相关因素。
这是一项在皮奥伊州特雷西纳进行的观察性、分析性和横断面研究，对象为在初级保健中接受治疗的糖尿病患者。通过访谈、足部临床检查和病历分析来收集数据。我们使用了曼-惠特尼、皮尔逊卡方检验和多因素逻辑回归统计检验来分析数据。分类变量之间的关联强度通过比值比（OR）来衡量。
共有 322 名患者参与了研究。有伴侣的婚姻状况表现出保护因素（p=0.007）。发生糖尿病足的风险因素包括：动脉高血压（p=0.045）、肥胖（p=0.011）、吸烟（p=0.027）、未进行随访（p=0.046）、毛细血管血糖控制不佳（p<0.001）、不愿意护理足部（p=0.014）以及足部自我检查频率较低（p=0.040）。
社会人口学、临床和自我护理方面都会影响糖尿病足的发展，这强调了在初级保健中对糖尿病患者进行有效随访和教育干预的必要性。
