College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404632, China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Dec;285:131534. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131534. Epub 2021 Jul 13.
Wetlands play an important role in sustaining ecosystems on the earth, which regulate water resources, adjust local climate and produce food for human beings, etc. However, wetlands are facing huge challenges due to human activities and other natural evolution, such as area shrinkage, function weakening and biodiversity decrease, and so on, therefore, some wetlands need to be urgently restored. In this study, the main technology components of close-to-natural restoration of wetlands were summarized. The ecological water requirement and water resource allocation can be optimized for the water balance between social, economy and ecology, which is a key prerequisite for maintaining wetland ecosystem. The pollution of wetland sediments and soils can be assessed by various indicators to provide the scientific basis for natural restoration of wetland base, and suitable strategies should be taken according to the actual conditions of wetland bases. The hydrological connectivity in wetlands and with related water system can be numerically simulated to make the optimal plan for improvement of hydrological connectivity. The ecological restoration of wetlands with the synergetic function of plants, animals and microorganisms was summarized, to improve the quality of wetland water environment and maintain the ecosystem stability. Based on the wetland close-to-natural restoration strategies, a brief ecological restoration plan for a typical wetland, Zaozhadian Wetland, near Xiong'an New Area in the north China was proposed from water resource guarantee, base pollution management, hydrological connectivity improvement and biological restoration. The close-to-natural restoration shows more effective, sustainable and long-lasting and thus a practical prospect.
湿地在维持地球生态系统方面发挥着重要作用，调节水资源、调节局部气候、为人类生产食物等。然而，由于人类活动和其他自然演变，湿地正面临着巨大的挑战，如面积缩小、功能减弱和生物多样性减少等，因此，一些湿地需要紧急恢复。本研究总结了湿地近自然恢复的主要技术组成部分。通过优化社会、经济和生态之间的水平衡，可以优化生态用水需求和水资源配置，这是维持湿地生态系统的关键前提。可以通过各种指标评估湿地沉积物和土壤的污染情况，为湿地基底自然恢复提供科学依据，并根据湿地基底的实际情况采取相应的策略。可以对湿地与相关水系之间的水文连通性进行数值模拟，制定改善水文连通性的最佳方案。总结了植物、动物和微生物协同作用的湿地生态恢复，以提高湿地水环境质量，维持生态系统稳定。基于湿地近自然恢复策略，从水资源保障、基底污染治理、水文连通性改善和生物恢复等方面，提出了中国北方雄安新区附近枣扎店湿地的典型生态恢复方案。近自然恢复显示出更有效、可持续和持久的效果，因此具有实际前景。
