National and Local Joint Laboratory of Wetland and Ecological Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China.
National and Local Joint Laboratory of Wetland and Ecological Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Sep;368:122074. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122074. Epub 2024 Aug 11.
Hydrological connectivity is crucial for the healthy operation of wetland ecosystems. However, the current design of ecological corridors in wetland biodiversity networks is mostly based on species migration resistance, neglecting the important role of hydrological connectivity. How to incorporate hydrological connectivity into the wetland ecological corridor system (ECS) is still unclear. To answer the question, we proposed a framework for constructing a wetland ECS with the goal of improving conservation value of previously identified wetland biodiversity hotspots based on hydrological connectivity. In the proposed framework, we clarified the function-level-dimension of each corridor based on the dynamics of conservation value of biodiversity hotspots, the hierarchical classification of rivers and the dimension of hydrological connectivity. Then we determined the spatial distribution and functional zoning of the corridors by least cost model (LCM) using indicators that reflect wetland hydrological connectivity resistance, including water coverage, water use efficiency of vegetation, and land use suitability. The results are as follows: (1) to improve the overall hydrological connectivity and conservation value of biodiversity hotspots, 25 corridors should be constructed for vertical hydrological connectivity (with 3 for maintaining the status quo, 6 for improving and 16 for restoring connectivity) and 3 corridors should be constructed for lateral hydrological connectivity; (2) total area of all corridors are 11 km, accounting for 6.79% of the study area (2.47% of core zone and 4.32% of buffer zone); (3) low suitability areas of hydrological vegetation gradient (HVG) are the most extensive, followed by low suitability areas of land use/cover change (LUCC) and the average fraction coverage of water surface (AFCW), accounting for 65.08%, 47.87% and 6.76% of the corridor coverage, respectively. The proposed framework of constructing wetland ECS in this study has the potential to provide the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and sustainable development goals with specific technical support and more targeted-control strategies for building a hydrological connected wetland biodiversity network.
水文连通性对于湿地生态系统的健康运行至关重要。然而，目前湿地生物多样性网络中的生态廊道设计大多基于物种迁移阻力，而忽略了水文连通性的重要作用。如何将水文连通性纳入湿地生态廊道系统（ECS）仍然不清楚。为了回答这个问题，我们提出了一个构建湿地 ECS 的框架，旨在基于水文连通性提高先前确定的湿地生物多样性热点的保护价值。在提出的框架中，我们根据生物多样性热点保护价值的动态、河流的层次分类和水文连通性的维度，澄清了每个廊道的功能-层次-维度。然后，我们通过使用反映湿地水文连通性阻力的指标（包括水面覆盖、植被水分利用效率和土地利用适宜性），使用最小成本模型（LCM）确定廊道的空间分布和功能分区。结果如下：（1）为了提高整体水文连通性和生物多样性热点的保护价值，应构建 25 条垂直水文连通性的廊道（其中 3 条用于维持现状，6 条用于改善，16 条用于恢复连通性）和 3 条横向水文连通性的廊道；（2）所有廊道的总面积为 11 公里，占研究区的 6.79%（核心区的 2.47%和缓冲区的 4.32%）；（3）水文植被梯度（HVG）低适宜区分布最广，其次是土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）低适宜区和水面平均分维覆盖（AFCW），分别占廊道覆盖面积的 65.08%、47.87%和 6.76%。本研究构建湿地 ECS 的框架有可能为 2020 年后全球生物多样性框架和可持续发展目标提供具体的技术支持和更有针对性的控制策略，以建立一个具有水文连通性的湿地生物多样性网络。
