Sehgal Kanika, Khanna Sahil
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Oct;15(10):1169-1179. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1963232. Epub 2021 Aug 6.
Obesity is a major public health concern with an increasing prevalence. Recent studies suggest an influence of gastrointestinal microbiota on obesity. Consequently, microbiota restoration therapies are being considered as potential management. We present data on microbiome markers and the future of microbiota therapeutics for obesity.
We summarize the pathogenesis of obesity, relationship between gut microbiota and obesity, use of microbiota-based therapies. Data were gathered by a literature search of articles in PubMed from the date of inception till August 2020. Keywords used were 'gut microbiota,' 'gut microbiome,' 'microbiota,' 'microbiome,' 'obesity,' and 'obesity and fecal microbiota transplantation' as MeSH terms.
The direct relationship of gut microbiota in causing obesity needs exploration. Because of the scarcity of human studies, the utility of microbiota-based therapies as treatment remains uncertain and the use of microbiome restoration for obesity should be restricted to research settings. To evaluate the efficacy of microbiota restoration, studies using these therapies as an adjunct with diet and lifestyle should be conducted. Once relationships between bacterial strains and the human metabolic profile are determined, these strains could be cultured for transfer to obese patients. Such advancement could help in tailoring personalized therapies for obese persons.
肥胖是一个日益严重的主要公共卫生问题。最近的研究表明胃肠道微生物群对肥胖有影响。因此，微生物群恢复疗法正被视为一种潜在的治疗方法。我们展示了关于微生物组标志物以及肥胖症微生物群治疗未来发展的数据。
我们总结了肥胖症的发病机制、肠道微生物群与肥胖症之间的关系以及基于微生物群的疗法的应用。通过在PubMed上检索从创刊到2020年8月的文章来收集数据。使用的医学主题词包括“肠道微生物群”“肠道微生物组”“微生物群”“微生物组”“肥胖症”以及“肥胖症与粪便微生物群移植”。
肠道微生物群与肥胖症之间的直接因果关系有待探索。由于人体研究较少，基于微生物群的疗法作为治疗手段的效用仍不确定，肥胖症的微生物组恢复疗法应仅限于研究环境。为了评估微生物群恢复的疗效，应开展将这些疗法与饮食和生活方式相结合的研究。一旦确定了细菌菌株与人体代谢特征之间的关系，就可以培养这些菌株并移植给肥胖患者。这样的进展有助于为肥胖者量身定制个性化疗法。
