下肢抗阻运动对衰弱前期老年患者肌肉力量、体适能和代谢的影响：一项随机对照试验。
Effects of lower limb resistance exercise on muscle strength, physical fitness, and metabolism in pre-frail elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial.
机构信息
Department of Health Care, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
Nursing Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Jul 30;21(1):447. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02386-5.
BACKGROUND
Few studies examined interventions in frail elderly in China, while the awareness of applying interventions to prevent frailty in pre-frail elderly is still lacking. This study aimed to explore the effects of lower limb resistance exercise in pre-frail elderly in China.
METHODS
This was a randomized controlled trial of patients with pre-frailty. The control group received routine care, while the exercise group received a 12-week lower limb resistance exercise based on routine care. The muscle strength in the lower limbs, physical fitness, and energy metabolism of the patients was evaluated at admission and after 12 weeks of intervention.
RESULTS
A total of 60 pre-frail elderly were included in this study. The patients were divided into the exercise group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) by random grouping. There were 17 men and 13 women aged 65.3 ± 13.4 in the exercise group, and 15 men and 15 women aged 67.6 ± 11.9 years in the control groups. The Barthel index was 80.3 ± 10.6 and 85.1 ± 11.6, respectively. The characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different before intervention (all p > 0.05). The results of repeated measurement ANOVA showed that there was statistically significant in crossover effect of group * time (all p < 0.05), that is, the differences of quadriceps femoris muscle strength, 6-min walking test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, 8-ft "up & go" test, daily activity energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent between the intervention group and the control group changed with time, and the variation ranges were different. The main effects of time were statistically significant (all p < 0.05), namely, femoris muscle strength, 6-min walking test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, 8-ft "up & go" test, daily activity energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent of the intervention group and the control group were significantly different before and after intervention. The main effects of groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05), namely, femoris muscle strength, 6-min walking test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, daily activity energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent before and after intervention were significantly different between the intervention group and the control group, while there was no significant differences in 8-ft "up & go" test between groups.
CONCLUSION
Lower limb resistance exercise used for the frailty intervention could improve muscle strength, physical fitness, and metabolism in pre-frail elderly.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000031099. Registered 22 March 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=51221&htm=4.
背景
在中国，很少有研究关注虚弱老年人的干预措施，而对于将干预措施应用于预防虚弱前期老年人虚弱的认识仍然不足。本研究旨在探讨在中国虚弱前期老年人中进行下肢抗阻运动的效果。
方法
这是一项针对虚弱前期患者的随机对照试验。对照组接受常规护理，而运动组在常规护理的基础上接受为期 12 周的下肢抗阻运动。在入院时和干预 12 周后评估患者的下肢肌肉力量、身体机能和能量代谢。
结果
共有 60 名虚弱前期老年人纳入本研究。患者通过随机分组分为运动组（n=30）和对照组（n=30）。运动组有 17 名男性和 13 名女性，年龄为 65.3±13.4 岁，对照组有 15 名男性和 15 名女性，年龄为 67.6±11.9 岁。巴氏指数分别为 80.3±10.6 和 85.1±11.6。两组患者在干预前的特征无明显差异（均 P＞0.05）。重复测量方差分析的结果显示，组间×时间的交叉效应具有统计学意义（均 P＜0.05），即股四头肌肌力、6 分钟步行试验、30 秒坐站试验、8 英尺“起立行走”试验、日常活动能量消耗和代谢当量在干预组和对照组之间的差异随时间变化而变化，且变化幅度不同。时间的主要效应具有统计学意义（均 P＜0.05），即干预组和对照组的股四头肌肌力、6 分钟步行试验、30 秒坐站试验、8 英尺“起立行走”试验、日常活动能量消耗和代谢当量在干预前后有显著差异。组间的主要效应具有统计学意义（P＜0.05），即干预组和对照组在干预前后的股四头肌肌力、6 分钟步行试验、30 秒坐站试验、日常活动能量消耗和代谢当量均有显著差异，而组间 8 英尺“起立行走”试验无显著差异。
结论
用于虚弱干预的下肢抗阻运动可以改善虚弱前期老年人的肌肉力量、身体机能和代谢。
试验注册
ChiCTR，ChiCTR2000031099。注册于 2020 年 3 月 22 日，http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=51221&htm=4。
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