Jamshidnia Atena, Tavallaei Mehdi, Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Department of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Imam Javad University College, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Aug;44:342-347. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.020. Epub 2021 Jun 1.
The purpose of present study was to determine and compare food intake in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy children.
In this case-control study, 110 hyperactive children who had referred to Khatam Al-Anbia Clinic and Imam Hussein Psychological Center in Yazd were selected. In addition, for each case, two healthy controls homogenized in terms of age and sexes were enrolled from primary schools in Yazd, from the same urban region of the cases. After completing the general information questionnaires, height and weight were measured. The food intake of individuals was evaluated through a validated food frequency questionnaire comprising 186 items. As for quantitative and categorical variables, the independent t-test and chi-square test were used respectively, and the values were reported as mean and standard deviation. Independent T-test was used to compare food intake between the two groups.
No significant difference was identified between body mass index and energy intake of the two groups. Hyperactive children proved to have a higher rate of physical activity than non-hyperactive children (p = 0.001). Vitamin B12 and riboflavin consumption in hyperactive children proved to be significantly lower than that of the healthy group (p = 0.02). Intake of refine grain in the case group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p = 0.02). Healthy children consumed fruits and vegetable (p = 0.02), low fat milk (p = 0.003) and egg (p = 0.01) more than children with ADHD.
The present study revealed that hyperactive children consume less fruit and vegetables, low-fat milk and eggs as well as food sources containing B vitamins while consuming higher levels of refined grains. Future studies such as cohort and interventional types are needed to confirm these results.
本研究的目的是确定并比较注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童与健康儿童的食物摄入量。
在这项病例对照研究中，选取了110名转诊至亚兹德哈塔姆·安比诊所和伊玛目侯赛因心理中心的多动儿童。此外，对于每个病例，从亚兹德与病例来自同一城区的小学中选取两名在年龄和性别上匹配的健康对照。完成一般信息问卷后，测量身高和体重。通过一份包含186项条目的有效食物频率问卷评估个体的食物摄入量。对于定量和分类变量，分别使用独立t检验和卡方检验，数值以均值和标准差表示。使用独立t检验比较两组之间的食物摄入量。
两组的体重指数和能量摄入量之间未发现显著差异。多动儿童的身体活动率高于非多动儿童（p = 0.001）。多动儿童的维生素B12和核黄素摄入量显著低于健康组（p = 0.02）。病例组的精制谷物摄入量显著高于对照组（p = 0.02）。健康儿童比ADHD儿童更多地食用水果和蔬菜（p = 0.02）、低脂牛奶（p = 0.003）和鸡蛋（p = 0.01）。
本研究表明，多动儿童食用的水果、蔬菜、低脂牛奶和鸡蛋以及含B族维生素的食物来源较少，而精制谷物的摄入量较高。需要开展队列研究和干预性研究等进一步研究来证实这些结果。
