Peluso Michael J, Takahashi Saki, Hakim Jill, Kelly J Daniel, Torres Leonel, Iyer Nikita S, Turcios Keirstinne, Janson Owen, Munter Sadie E, Thanh Cassandra, Donatelli Joanna, Nixon Christopher C, Hoh Rebecca, Tai Viva, Fehrman Emily A, Hernandez Yanel, Spinelli Matthew A, Gandhi Monica, Palafox Mary-Ann, Vallari Ana, Rodgers Mary A, Prostko John, Hackett John, Trinh Lan, Wrin Terri, Petropoulos Christos J, Chiu Charles Y, Norris Philip J, DiGermanio Clara, Stone Mars, Busch Michael P, Elledge Susanna K, Zhou Xin X, Wells James A, Shu Albert, Kurtz Theodore W, Pak John E, Wu Wesley, Burbelo Peter D, Cohen Jeffrey I, Rutishauser Rachel L, Martin Jeffrey N, Deeks Steven G, Henrich Timothy J, Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel, Greenhouse Bryan
Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sci Adv. 2021 Jul 30;7(31). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3409. Print 2021 Jul.
Interpretation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurveillance studies is limited by poorly defined performance of antibody assays over time in individuals with different clinical presentations. We measured antibody responses in plasma samples from 128 individuals over 160 days using 14 assays. We found a consistent and strong effect of disease severity on antibody magnitude, driven by fever, cough, hospitalization, and oxygen requirement. Responses to spike protein versus nucleocapsid had consistently higher correlation with neutralization. Assays varied substantially in sensitivity during early convalescence and time to seroreversion. Variability was dramatic for individuals with mild infection, who had consistently lower antibody titers, with sensitivities at 6 months ranging from 33 to 98% for commercial assays. Thus, the ability to detect previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 is highly dependent on infection severity, timing, and the assay used. These findings have important implications for the design and interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）血清学监测研究的解读受到限制，原因是不同临床表现个体中抗体检测随时间推移的性能定义不明确。我们使用14种检测方法，在160天内对128名个体的血浆样本中的抗体反应进行了测量。我们发现，疾病严重程度对抗体水平有一致且强烈的影响，这种影响由发热、咳嗽、住院和吸氧需求所驱动。针对刺突蛋白与核衣壳的反应与中和作用始终具有更高的相关性。在恢复期早期和血清转化时间方面，各检测方法的灵敏度差异很大。对于轻度感染个体，差异尤为显著，这些个体的抗体滴度始终较低，商业检测方法在6个月时的灵敏度范围为33%至98%。因此，检测既往SARS-CoV-2感染的能力高度依赖于感染严重程度、检测时间和所使用的检测方法。这些发现对SARS-CoV-2血清学监测研究的设计和解读具有重要意义。
