Department of Haematology, NHS Hillingdon Hospital, Pield Health Road, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.
Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Adv Biol Regul. 2021 Aug;81:100819. doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100819. Epub 2021 Jul 23.
The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with a very high incidence of thrombotic complications. The exact mechanisms for this excess risk for clots have not been elucidated although one of the often-quoted pathophysiological entity is immunothrombosis. Recognition of thrombotic complications early on in this pandemic led to an over-explosion of studies which looked at the benefits of anticoagulation to mitigate this risk. In this review, we examine the rationale for thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 with particular reference to dosing and discuss what may guide the decision-making process to consider anticoagulation. In addition, we explore the rationale for thrombosis prevention measures in special populations including outpatient setting, pregnant females, children, those with high body mass index and those on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行与极高的血栓并发症发生率相关。尽管经常引用的病理生理实体之一是免疫血栓形成，但尚未阐明导致这种血栓形成风险增加的确切机制。在这场大流行中，对血栓并发症的早期认识导致了大量研究的出现，这些研究着眼于抗凝治疗以降低这种风险的益处。在这篇综述中，我们特别参考剂量检查 COVID-19 中进行血栓预防的基本原理，并讨论可能指导抗凝决策的因素。此外，我们还探讨了特殊人群中血栓预防措施的基本原理，包括门诊环境、孕妇、儿童、体重指数高的人群和接受体外膜肺氧合的人群。
