Bernheimer A W, Oppenheim J D
Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016.
Toxicon. 1987;25(11):1145-52. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(87)90132-2.
A cytolytic toxin from the basidiocarps of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes was purified to homogeneity. The lysin, flammutoxin, is a single polypeptide chain of Mr 32,000 and pK about 5.4. It contains unusually large amounts of tryptophan, serine and glycine, and few or none of the sulfur-containing amino acids. Erythrocytes of rat, rabbit, guinea pig, man, mouse, cat and dog were sensitive to lysis, in that order, whereas erythrocytes of sheep, ox, goat, swine and horse were largely or completely resistant to lysis. The toxin appears not to be a phospholipase and it was not inhibitable by any of a variety of lipids. Hemolysis probably involves alteration of the erythrocyte membrane, with formation of submicroscopic ion channels, and it appears to be of the osmotic type. In some respects flammutoxin resembles phallolysin, a cytolytic toxin obtained from the mushroom Amanita phalloides.
从金针菇子实体中纯化出一种细胞溶解毒素，使其达到同质。该溶素，即金针菇毒素，是一条分子量为32,000且pK约为5.4的单多肽链。它含有异常大量的色氨酸、丝氨酸和甘氨酸，而含硫氨基酸很少或没有。大鼠、兔子、豚鼠、人、小鼠、猫和狗的红细胞对裂解敏感，顺序依次如此，而绵羊、牛、山羊、猪和马的红细胞对裂解基本或完全有抗性。该毒素似乎不是磷脂酶，并且不受多种脂质中的任何一种抑制。溶血可能涉及红细胞膜的改变，形成亚微观离子通道，并且似乎是渗透型的。在某些方面，金针菇毒素类似于从毒蝇伞中获得的细胞溶解毒素鬼笔溶血素。
