Sun Zixuan, Zhang Jiaxin, Li Jiali, Li Mi, Ge Jing, Wu Peipei, You Benshuai, Qian Hui
Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Stem Cells Int. 2021 Jul 10;2021:9962194. doi: 10.1155/2021/9962194. eCollection 2021.
Exosomes have emerged as a new drug delivery system. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied because of their tumor-homing ability and yield advantages. Considering that MSC-derived exosomes are a double-edged sword in the development, metastasis, and invasion of tumors, engineered exosomes have broad potential use. In this review, we focused on the latest development in the treatment of tumors using engineered and nonengineered MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-EXs). Nonengineered MSC-EXs exert an antitumor effect on several well-studied tumors by affecting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, engineered exosomes have promising research prospects as drug-carrying tools for the transport of miRNAs, small-molecule drugs, and proteins. Although exosomes lack uniform standards in terms of definition, separation, and purification, they still have great research value because of their unique advantages, such as high biocompatibility and low toxicity. Future studies on MSC-EXs should elucidate the mechanisms underlying their anticancer effect and the safety of their application.
外泌体已成为一种新型药物递送系统。特别是,源自间充质干细胞(MSC)的外泌体因其肿瘤归巢能力和产量优势而受到广泛研究。鉴于MSC衍生的外泌体在肿瘤的发生、转移和侵袭过程中是一把双刃剑,工程化外泌体具有广泛的潜在用途。在本综述中,我们重点关注了使用工程化和非工程化MSC衍生的外泌体(MSC-EXs)治疗肿瘤的最新进展。非工程化MSC-EXs通过影响肿瘤生长、血管生成、转移和侵袭,对几种已深入研究的肿瘤发挥抗肿瘤作用。此外,工程化外泌体作为携带miRNA、小分子药物和蛋白质的药物载体工具具有广阔的研究前景。尽管外泌体在定义、分离和纯化方面缺乏统一标准,但由于其独特优势,如高生物相容性和低毒性,它们仍然具有很大的研究价值。未来关于MSC-EXs的研究应阐明其抗癌作用的潜在机制及其应用的安全性。