Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Jul 21;2021:5583215. doi: 10.1155/2021/5583215. eCollection 2021.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that can oxidize proteins, lipids, and DNA. Under physiological conditions, ROS are mainly generated in the mitochondria during aerobic metabolism. Under pathological conditions, excessive ROS disrupt cellular homeostasis. High levels of ROS result in severe oxidative damage to the cellular machinery. However, a low/mild level of ROS could serve as a signal to trigger cell survival mechanisms. To prevent and cope with oxidative damage to biomolecules, cells have developed various antioxidant and detoxifying mechanisms. Meanwhile, ROS can initiate autophagy, a process of self-clearance, which helps to reduce oxidative damage by engulfing and degrading oxidized substance. This review summarizes the interactions among ROS, autophagy, and antioxidant pathways. The effects of natural phytochemicals on autophagy induction, antioxidation, and dual-function are also discussed.
活性氧（ROS）是高度反应性的分子，可以氧化蛋白质、脂质和 DNA。在生理条件下，ROS 主要在线粒体中产生，参与有氧代谢。在病理条件下，过量的 ROS 会破坏细胞内稳态。高水平的 ROS 会导致细胞机制受到严重的氧化损伤。然而，低/轻度的 ROS 可以作为信号触发细胞存活机制。为了防止和应对生物分子的氧化损伤，细胞已经开发了各种抗氧化和解毒机制。同时，ROS 可以启动自噬，这是一种自我清除的过程，通过吞噬和降解氧化物质来帮助减少氧化损伤。本综述总结了 ROS、自噬和抗氧化途径之间的相互作用。还讨论了天然植物化学物质对自噬诱导、抗氧化和双重功能的影响。
