Zhang Yingzi, Li Mo
Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 15;9:716344. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716344. eCollection 2021.
Viral infectious diseases are significant threats to the welfare of world populations. Besides the widespread acute viral infections (e.g., dengue fever) and chronic infections [e.g., those by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)], emerging viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pose great challenges to the world. Genome editing technologies, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), have played essential roles in the study of new treatment for viral infectious diseases in cell lines, animal models, and clinical trials. Genome editing tools have been used to eliminate latent infections and provide resistance to new infections. Increasing evidence has shown that genome editing-based antiviral strategy is simple to design and can be quickly adapted to combat infections by a wide spectrum of viral pathogens, including the emerging coronaviruses. Here we review the development and applications of genome editing technologies for preventing or eliminating infections caused by HIV, HBV, HPV, HSV, and SARS-CoV-2, and discuss how the latest advances could enlighten further development of genome editing into a novel therapy for viral infectious diseases.
病毒性传染病对全球人口的健康构成重大威胁。除了广泛流行的急性病毒感染（如登革热）和慢性感染（如人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）引起的感染）外，诸如严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）等新兴病毒也给世界带来了巨大挑战。基因组编辑技术，包括成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）-CRISPR相关蛋白（Cas）、锌指核酸酶（ZFN）和转录激活样效应物核酸酶（TALEN），在细胞系、动物模型和临床试验中对病毒性传染病新疗法的研究发挥了重要作用。基因组编辑工具已被用于消除潜伏感染并提供对新感染的抵抗力。越来越多的证据表明，基于基因组编辑的抗病毒策略设计简单，可迅速应用于对抗包括新兴冠状病毒在内的多种病毒病原体引起的感染。在此，我们综述了基因组编辑技术在预防或消除由HIV、HBV、HPV、HSV和SARS-CoV-2引起的感染方面的发展和应用，并讨论了最新进展如何能够启发基因组编辑进一步发展成为一种治疗病毒性传染病的新疗法。
