Umutlu Didem, Memis Cagdas Oyku, Umutlu Yasam, Sevincok Doga, Sevincok Levent
Psychiatry. 2022 Spring;85(1):72-85. doi: 10.1080/00332747.2021.1952034. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
: Our main hypothesis in this study was that patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had lower empathy levels than those without ADHD. Also, after controlling for the severity of SAD and depression, we hypothesized that ADHD symptoms contributed to lower levels of empathy in SAD patients.: 72 patients (46 females, 32 males) with SAD between the ages of 18-65 years were divided into two groups as those with (n = 32) and those without ADHD (n = 40). Participants were evaluated using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Turgay's Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Empathy Quotient. In this study, Mann Whitney-U test, Spearman correlation test, logistic and multiple regression analysis were used.: Education level (U = 371.5, = .002) and empathy scores (U = 259.5, < .0001) of SAD patients with ADHD were significantly lower than those without ADHD. BDI (U = 206.5, < .0001), LSAS total (U = 454.5, = .036), fear (U = 457.0, = .038), and avoidance scores (U = 453.0, = .034) were higher in SAD patients with ADHD than those without ADHD. Low levels of empathy (B = - 0.119, Exp(B) = 0.895, = .014) and high severity of current depression (B = 0.119, Exp(B) = 1.127, = .001) were significantly associated with comorbidity between SAD and ADHD. ADHD-inattention (β = -0.369, Exp(B) = -0.541, = .004), and depression (β = -0.262, Exp(B) = -0.212, = .036) negatively predicted empathy levels.: Our findings may provide some evidence for the contribution of ADHD-inattention and depression to poor empathy in SAD patients. Therefore, it is recommended that symptoms of ADHD-inattention and depression should be carefully evaluated in SAD patients with low empathy.
本研究的主要假设是，患有社交焦虑障碍（SAD）且合并注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患者，其共情水平低于未患ADHD的患者。此外，在控制SAD和抑郁的严重程度后，我们假设ADHD症状会导致SAD患者的共情水平降低。
72名年龄在18至65岁之间的SAD患者（46名女性，32名男性）被分为两组，一组患有ADHD（n = 32），另一组未患ADHD（n = 40）。使用莱博维茨社交焦虑量表（LSAS）、图尔盖成人注意力缺陷/多动障碍量表、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）和共情商数对参与者进行评估。在本研究中，使用了曼-惠特尼U检验、斯皮尔曼相关性检验、逻辑回归和多元回归分析。
患有ADHD的SAD患者的教育水平（U = 371.5，P = 0.002）和共情得分（U = 259.5，P < 0.0001）显著低于未患ADHD的患者。患有ADHD的SAD患者的BDI得分（U = 206.5，P < 0.0001）、LSAS总分（U = 454.5，P = 0.036）、恐惧得分（U = 457.0，P = 0.038）和回避得分（U = 453.0，P = 0.034）高于未患ADHD的患者。低水平的共情（B = -0.119，Exp(B) = 0.895，P = 0.014）和当前抑郁的高严重程度（B = 0.119，Exp(B) = 1.127，P = 0.001）与SAD和ADHD的共病显著相关。ADHD注意力不集中（β = -0.369，Exp(B) = 0.541，P = 0.004）和抑郁（β = -0.262，Exp(B) = 0.212，P = 0.036）对共情水平有负向预测作用。
我们的研究结果可能为ADHD注意力不集中和抑郁导致SAD患者共情能力差提供一些证据。因此，建议对共情水平低的SAD患者仔细评估ADHD注意力不集中和抑郁的症状。
