Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Memory. 2021 Oct;29(9):1101-1110. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1962356. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
Prior research has shown that people are more likely to remember information that is deleted from a computer than information that is saved on a computer, presumably because saving serves as a form of cognitive offloading. Given recent concerns about the robustness and replicability of this "Google Effect," we conducted two experiments seeking to replicate and extend the phenomenon by identifying a potential boundary condition for when it is observed. In Experiment 1, we replicated the Google Effect, but only when participants experienced a practice phase demonstrating the reliability of the saving process. No evidence of a Google Effect was observed when participants experienced a practice phase demonstrating the saving process to be unreliable. In Experiment 2, we replicated the results of Experiment 1 in the reliable condition, while demonstrating the effect to be robust across 10 different topics of trivia statements. Taken together, these results suggest that the Google Effect is a replicable phenomenon, but that the perceived reliability of the saving process is critical for determining whether it is observed.
先前的研究表明,相较于储存在计算机上的信息,人们更容易记住从计算机上删除的信息,这可能是因为储存是一种认知卸载的形式。鉴于最近对这种“谷歌效应”的稳健性和可重复性的担忧,我们进行了两项实验,旨在通过确定观察到这种现象的潜在边界条件来复制和扩展这一现象。在实验 1 中,我们复制了谷歌效应,但仅当参与者经历了一个练习阶段,证明了储存过程的可靠性时才会出现这种效应。当参与者经历了一个练习阶段,证明储存过程不可靠时,就不会观察到谷歌效应的证据。在实验 2 中,我们在可靠的条件下复制了实验 1 的结果,同时证明了该效应在 10 个不同的琐事陈述主题中具有稳健性。总之,这些结果表明,谷歌效应是一种可复制的现象,但储存过程的感知可靠性对于确定是否观察到这种效应至关重要。