医护人员接种 COVID-19 疫苗后感染 SARS-CoV-2：一项回顾性、试点研究。
SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 immunization in healthcare workers: A retrospective, pilot study.
机构信息
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Apollo Hospital Group, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
Group Medical Director, Apollo Hospital Group, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
出版信息
Indian J Med Res. 2021;153(5&6):550-554. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1485_21.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on the health of the people across the globe, including India, and is still continuing with its rapidly evolving second wave. Although the COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent infection, yet some cases of infections have been reported post-vaccination, raising concerns about their efficacy and safety. This study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the symptomatic-vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) and to analyze the severity of their disease.
METHODS
This retrospective study was done at a single multispecialty hospital, on the HCWs who have had COVID-19 vaccination, during the initial period of the vaccination drive (January 16 to April 24, 2021). The symptomatic post-vaccination infections in these HCWs were evaluated.
RESULTS
Eighty five of 3235 (2.63%) vaccinated HCWs acquired the SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination, during the study period. Of these, 65 (76.5%) were fully vaccinated (FV), and 20 (23.5%) were partially vaccinated (PV) and the protection rate of vaccination was 97.4 per cent [95 % confidence interval (CI)=96.8-97.9]. The odds ratio of acquiring infection among females was higher at 1.84 (95% CI=1.17-2.88; P=0.008) mainly because of their greater involvement in the patient care as nursing personnel. The chances of infections were the highest in the medical and nursing personnel, as compared to paramedical, administrative and supporting staff (P<0.001). Among the HCWs studied, only two required hospitalization (0.06%), none needed an intensive care unit (ICU) admission and there were no deaths.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 infection after vaccination occurred in a smaller subset (2.63%) of HCWs, in both PV and the FV groups. These infections were primarily minor and did not lead to severe disease. Overall, the vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (recombinant) prevented SARS-CoV-2 severe infection in the HCWs, leading to ICU admission and deaths.
背景与目的
COVID-19 大流行对全球各国人民的健康造成了重大影响，包括印度，目前第二波疫情仍在迅速蔓延。尽管 COVID-19 疫苗能有效预防感染，但仍有一些接种后感染的病例报告，这引发了人们对其疗效和安全性的关注。本研究旨在调查有症状接种疫苗的医护人员（HCWs）中发生的 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况，并分析其疾病严重程度。
方法
本回顾性研究于 2021 年 1 月 16 日至 4 月 24 日疫苗接种初期在一家综合性医院进行，对已接种 COVID-19 疫苗的 HCWs 中接种后出现症状的感染进行评估。
结果
在研究期间，3235 名接种疫苗的 HCWs 中有 85 名（2.63%）接种后感染了 SARS-CoV-2。其中，65 名（76.5%）为完全接种（FV），20 名（23.5%）为部分接种（PV），疫苗接种的保护率为 97.4%[95%置信区间（CI）=96.8-97.9]。女性感染的几率较高，比值比为 1.84（95%CI=1.17-2.88；P=0.008），主要是因为她们作为护理人员更多地参与了患者护理。与辅助人员相比，医务人员和护理人员感染的几率最高，医疗和护理人员（P<0.001）。在所研究的 HCWs 中，仅有 2 人需要住院（0.06%），无人需要入住重症监护病房（ICU），也无人死亡。
解释与结论
在 PV 和 FV 组中，接种疫苗后 COVID-19 感染仅发生在较小的亚组（2.63%）的 HCWs 中。这些感染主要是轻度的，不会导致严重疾病。总体而言，接种 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 疫苗（重组）可预防 HCWs 发生严重的 SARS-CoV-2 感染，导致 ICU 入院和死亡。
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